Effects of melatonin and green-wavelength LED light on the physiological stress and immunity of goldfish, Carassius auratus, exposed to high water temperature |
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Authors: | Seo Jin Jung Na Na Kim Young Jae Choi Ji Yong Choi Young-Ung Choi Youn Seong Heo Cheol Young Choi |
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Affiliation: | 1.Division of Marine BioScience,Korea Maritime and Ocean University,Busan,Republic of Korea;2.Biological Oceanography and Marine Biology Division,Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology,Ansan,Republic of Korea;3.LED-Marine Biology Convergence Technology Research Center,Pukyong National University,Busan,Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | This study investigated the effects of increasing water temperature (22–30 °C) on the physiological stress response and immunity of goldfish, Carassius auratus, and the ability of green light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation or melatonin injections to mitigate this temperature-induced stress. To evaluate the effects of either green-wavelength LED light or melatonin on stress in goldfish, we measured plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) mRNA expression; plasma cortisol and glucose; and immunoglobulin M (IgM) and lysozyme mRNA expression. The thyroid hormone activities, TR mRNA expression, and plasma cortisol and glucose were higher in goldfish exposed to high-temperature water, but were lower after exposure to melatonin or green-wavelength LED light. Lysozyme mRNA expression and plasma IgM activity and protein expression were lower after exposure to high water temperatures and higher after melatonin or green-wavelength LED light treatments. Therefore, high water temperature induced stress and decreased immunity; however, green-wavelength LED light and melatonin treatments mitigated the effects of stress and enhanced immunity. The benefits of melatonin decreased with time, whereas those of green-wavelength LED treatment did not. |
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