早熟高产玉米单交种生育特性与产量构成的关系

早熟玉米单交种子粒产量低的主要原因是营养生长期短，形成的叶片少且面积小，光合产物供应不足，从而导致穗部性状的劣化和子粒产量的不稳定性。以早熟为前提子粒高产的育种途径，除配合力选育外，还可以通过提高叶片生长率来实现。通过试验研究提出，在高配合力前提下把具有潜在高灌浆速率的早熟自交系同一定的中晚熟自交系组配单交，不仅可使营养生长期显著延长，同化物供应改善，而且也可使灌浆期显著缩短，从而达到早熟高产的目的。

A Study on Breeding Early Maturity and High Yielding Single Hybrid in Maize

The main causes of low yield in the single hybrid seeds of early maturity maize are the short vegetable growth period, few number and small area of leaf, and the insufficient supply of photosynthetic products, so as to result in the inferior ear and the unstaibility of the seed yield. As we know, besides selecting high combining ability, the breeding ways for the high seed yield based on the early maturity can be realized through raising the growth rate of leaf. The present paper considered that based on the higher combining ability, crossing the early croping single hybrid, which expresses high filling rate, with some middle and late maturing self-line can not only prolong vegetable growth period and improve assimilation products but also shorten filling period. It led to the early maturity and high Yield.