全生育期增温对冬小麦物侯期、产量和水分利用效率的影响

为明确太行山山前平原地区冬小麦生长发育、产量形成及水分利用对气候变暖的响应,以冬小麦品种藁优5218为材料,于2017-2018和2018-2019连续两个冬小麦生长季在旱棚内采用开放式增温系统(free air temperature increase,FATI)模拟气候变暖趋势,分析了FATI的增温效果及全生育期增温对冬小麦物候期、茎秆发育、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,与自然条件(CK)相比,增温后冬小麦穗分化进程加快,整个生育期缩短4~6 d,主要表现为越冬—拔节期的生育进程缩短,而灌浆期的持续时间延长;增温导致冬小麦茎秆基部变细薄,降低节间横截面维管束数目及木质化程度,增加倒伏风险;增温降低了冬小麦产量和水分利用效率(WUE),两个生长季分别减产10.4%和5.3%,WUE分别下降16.1%和12.7%。因此,气候变暖不利于该区域小麦产量和WUE的提高,可通过栽培管理措施或品种改良来使冬小麦生产系统适应增温趋势,实现稳产提效。

Effect of Warming During Whole Growth Period on Phenological Phase,Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

Under the background of global warming,it is of certain reference significance to clarify the response of winter wheat production system to warming for the regulation of regional cultivation measures and variety breeding. Therefore,in this study,Free Air Temperature Increase(FATI) was used to simulate climate warming trend in rain-out shed in two consecutive growing seasons from 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019. Warming(W) was carried out during the whole growth period of winter wheat. Natural conditions was served as control(CK). The wheat variety,Gaoyou 5218 was selected as the test material. This study analyzed the warming effect of FATI and its effects on phenology,growth and development,yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat. The results showed that compared with CK,the increase of air temperature accelerated the spike differentiation process,shortened the whole growth period by 4 to 6 days,mainly shortened the growth process from overwintering to jointing,but prolonged the duration of grain filling. Also,warming increased the number of vascular bundles and the degree of lignification of internode,and then increased the risk of lodging. Finally,warming resulted in the decrease of grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE). Grain yield in two growing seasons decreased by 10.4% and 5.3%,comparing to that of CK,respectively,and WUE decreased by 16.1% and 12.7%. Therefore,climate warming is not conducive to the increase of grain yield and WUE of winter wheat in this region,which should be regulated or adapted by advanced cultivation management measures or variety improvement to reach stable grain yield and efficiency.