灌溉和施氮对小麦产量形成及土壤肥力影响的研究进展

水分和氮肥是小麦生长发育和产量形成中最重要的两个因子，二者存在相互制约或相互促进等互作关系。近年来，由于灌溉大量用水和氮肥的过量施用，造成了农业水资源匮乏和环境污染加重等一系列问题，合理灌溉和施氮以提高水氮利用效率越来越受到广泛的重视。为全面概括灌溉和施氮处理的作用，本文从小麦植株和土壤两个方面入手，对近年来国内外学者在灌溉和施氮对小麦产量形成和土壤肥力影响方面的研究进展进行了综述，为评估长期灌溉和施氮处理对小麦生产和土壤肥力的影响、制定灌溉和施氮技术措施提供依据。

Research Progress on the Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Application on Wheat Yield Formation and Soil Fertility

Water and nitrogen are the two most important factors in wheat growth and development and yield formation,and interactions exists with the forms such as restriction or promotion each other between water and nitrogen. In recent years,due to excessive use of irrigation water and nitrogen fertilizer,a series of problems such as increasingly severe agricultural water shortage and environmental pollution have been caused,and more attention has been paid to rational irrigation and nitrogen fertilization to improve the use efficiencies of water and nitrogen. In order to comprehensively summarize the effects of irrigation and nitrogen application,the paper reviewed the research progresses on the effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on wheat yield formation and soil fertility during recent years,so as to provide the foundation for evaluating the effects of long-term irrigation and nitrogen management on wheat production and soil fertility,and for making the technical decisions of irrigation and nitrogen application.