马运动候选基因的研究进展

马的运动性能是由环境和遗传因素共同决定的。研究表明,马身体构造和优异的运动能力很大程度上受控于基因。随着马基因组序列的公开和分子遗传学工具的快速发展,科学家发现与能量代谢、胰岛素信号转导、心肺功能及肌肉力量等相关的基因与马运动能力表型密切相关。同时这些基因也与人类的某些疾病有关。文章仅就与马运动能力密切相关的候选基因的研究成果作一综述,旨在为我国尽早开展相关研究、培育出品质优良的新型马种及对某些疾病的防治提供理论参考。

Progress on horse candidate genes for physical performance

The physical performance of the racing horses is determined by both its environmental and genetic factors.It has been proved that the body structure and excellent athletic ability of the racing horses are largely controlled by genes.With the announcement of horse genome sequence and the rapid spread of molecular genetics,scientists have found the genes that are principally responsible for energy metabolism,insulin sensitivity,cardiopulmonary function and muscle strength are closely associated with the physical performance of horses.In the major related candidate genes,the researches have shown that the polymorphism of genes and the different amounts of gene expression are significantly correlated with the horse’s capacity for exercise.At the same time,these RCG are associated with certain diseases found in humans.The purpose of the present paper is to summarize the international studies on the physical performance of RCG.It will provide the basic information for carrying out the related research as soon as possible for our country and breeding new type of horse with high quality,for some disease prevention and treatment.