玉米豆科覆盖作物间作对潮土酶活性和真菌群落特征的影响

黄淮海地区土地复种指数高，不具备休闲条件，致使土壤养分消耗严重，土壤微生物群落多样性下降。为改善土壤状况，本研究基于两年的玉米豆科覆盖作物（紫花苜蓿、大豆、花生）间作试验，探讨玉米豆科覆盖作物间作对土壤养分、酶活性以及真菌群落特征的影响，同时分析黄淮海平原潮土区玉米豆科覆盖作物间作的可行性。结果表明：间作条件下土壤碱解氮含量提高，土壤有机质含量无明显变化，玉米紫花苜蓿间作处理和玉米花生间作处理土壤有效磷含量表现上升趋势。所有间作处理土壤脲酶活性都高于单作玉米处理，间作花生处理和间作大豆处理的酸性磷酸酶活性较单作玉米处理分别增加了30.53%和18.70%；间作紫花苜蓿处理土壤碱性蛋白酶活性和蔗糖酶活性对比单作玉米处理有显著提高。间作紫花苜蓿处理和间作大豆处理对土壤优势菌门子囊菌门和被孢霉门的相对丰度有积极作用，其中间作紫花苜蓿处理子囊菌门的相对丰度提高了11.88%，间作大豆处理被孢霉门相对丰度增幅达45.39%，优势菌门丰度的提升有助于补充土壤氮源和碳源。玉米豆科覆盖作物间作可以补充土壤养分，改善土壤微生物群落结构，提高土壤酶活性，可能成为提高黄淮海平原潮土地区土壤质量、维持土壤稳定性的有效措施。

Effects of Intercropping of Maize and Legume Cover Crops on Enzyme Activities and Fungal Community Characteristics in Fluvo-Aquic Soil

The multiple cropping index of the land in the Huang-huai-hai area is high, and there are no leisure conditions, resulting in serious consumption of soil nutrients and a decline in the diversity of soil microbial communities. In order to improve soil conditions, based on a two-year maize-legume cover crops (alfalfa, soybean, peanut) intercropping experiment, this study is to explore the effects of maize legume cover crops intercropping on soil nutrients, soil enzyme activities and fungal community characteristics, and to analyze the feasibility of intercropping maize and legume cover crops in the fluvo-aquic soil area of ​​Huang-huai-hai Plain. The results showed that soil available nitrogen increased and soil organic matter did not change significantly. under intercropping conditions, soil available phosphorus of maize-alfalfa intercropping treatment and maize-peanut intercropping treatment showed an upward trend. Soil urease activities of all intercropping treatments were higher than that of monocropping treatment. Acid phosphatase activities of intercropping peanut treatment and intercropping soybean treatment increased by 30.53% and 18.70% respectively compared with monocropping; the activities of soil alkaline protease and sucrose of intercropping alfalfa treatment enzyme activity were significantly improved compared with single crop maize. Intercropping alfalfa treatment and intercropping soybean treatment had positive effects on the relative abundance of soil dominant phylum Ascomycota and Mortierella. Among them, intercropping alfalfa treatment increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota by 11.88%, while intercropping soybean treatment increased the relative abundance of Mortierella by 45.39%. The increase in the abundance of the dominant bacteria phyla can help supplement soil nitrogen and carbon sources. Intercropping of maize and legume cover crops can supplement soil nutrients, improve soil microbial community structure, and increase soil enzyme activities, thus, it may be an effective measure to improve soil quality and maintain soil stability in the Huang-huai-hai Plain.