Analysis and effect of water sources used as diluents on Newcastle disease vaccine efficacy in chickens in the Sudan |
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Authors: | Amira A Khalil Abdelmalik Ibrahim Khalafalla |
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Institution: | (1) General Directorate of Animal Health and Epizootic Disease Control, P.O. Box 293, Khartoum, Sudan;(2) Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Shambat, P.O. Box 32, 13314 Khartoum North, Sudan; |
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Abstract: | Samples of artesian well, shallow well, surface water, tap water, and bottled water were collected from different areas in
Khartoum; these were chemically analyzed and used as diluents to vaccinate chicks against Newcastle disease. Immune response
in vaccinated chicks, as measured by the hemagglutination inhibition test, was significantly better in birds which received
the vaccine diluted in bottled water followed by those vaccinated using tap water. It appears that water with low turbidity
and total dissolved solids were the best water for vaccine dilution. The order of preference of water source, according to
this study was bottled water, tap water, shallow well water, artesian well water, and finally surface water. |
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