祁连山自然保护区人口变化及其对森林草原的影响

以甘肃省肃南县和天祝县为例，研究了祁连山自然保护区人口变化及其对森林草原的影响。结果表明，1949-2009年，天祝和肃南两县人口由7.7万余人增加到25.3万余人。伴随着人口的增长，两县保护区内耕地面积从20世纪50年代初的2.3万hm2增至1999年的4.38万hm2，随后降至2008年底的4.1万hm2。目前两县草地退化面积达129.2万hm2，前山区土地荒漠化面积49.6万hm2，水土流失面积88.33万hm2。鉴于此，本文提出了祁连山自然保护区退化森林草原的恢复策略，包括正确的人口政策，实施生态移民工程，减少保护区内人口数量，和降低农牧业生产活动。

Demographic change in Qilian Mountain Natural Reserve and its impact on forest steppe

The population change can make significant influence on ecological environment of Qilian Mountain Natural Reserve. From 1949 to 2009, it had turned out that the population of Tianzhu County and Sunan County had grown from 77 000 to over 253 000. The cultivated land areas of these two counties were just 23 000 ha at the beginning of 1950. It reached a maximum number of 43 800 ha in 1999 and remained a number of 41 000 ha in 2008. The grassland degradation reached 1 292 000 ha caused by overgrazing. The desertification areas had reached 496 000 ha and soil erosion areas had reached 883 300 ha. A recovery strategy was put forward in this paper, on degradation of forest and grassland including population policy, ecological immigrant project, reduction of population and animal husbandry production activities in Qilian Mountain Natural Reserve.