羌塘牧民对“退牧还草”工程的认知与响应

“退牧还草”工程对促进退化草地的生态恢复及改善牧民生活水平具有重要意义。本研究采用问卷调查和小型座谈相结合的方法，对藏北羌塘地区6县10乡(镇)的100户牧民进行抽样调查，分析了牧民对“退牧还草”工程的社会认知与政策响应。结果表明，大多数牧民认可并支持“退牧还草”工程，81%的牧民认为工程能有效促进草地恢复；依据草原保护奖励机制(试点)补偿标准，74%的牧民支持长期(10年以上)的生态补偿；考虑生态移民后的生计保障问题，52%的牧民不愿意移民到城镇。因此，有必要及时完善“退牧还草”工程及草原生态保护奖励机制并使其与生态移民工程相结合，以实现西藏羌塘牧区生态、社会与经济的共赢局面。

Awareness and reaction of herdsmen to the policy of Returning Grazing Land to Grasslands in the Changtang Plateau, Tibet

The implementation of the policy of Returing Grazing Land to Grassland has great importance to the restoration of degraded grasslands and improvement of the livelihoods of herdsmen. Group discussion and questionnaire survey on 100 households from ten townships of the six counties in the Changtang Plateau were conducted to investigate their social background, their awareness and reaction to the policy. Most of the local herdsmen understands and supports the policy of Returning Grazing Land to Grasslands. 81% of interviewee considers grazing enclosure as an effective measure to restore degraded grasslands. 74% of interviewee accepts long term (more than 10 years) eco compensation as per current compensation standard. 52% of herdsmen worries about their livelihood security after eco immigration and is reluctant to leave their rangelands for settlements. It is necessary to combine current policies of grassland conservation and rewarding system and eco immigrant project together to secure win win among ecological, social and economic development in the Changtang Plateau.