诱导金鱼草多倍体的初步研究

本文叙述了用秋水仙素水溶液处理金鱼草种子获得多倍体的方法，以及对获得的四倍体金鱼草（2n=32）与二倍体对照苗（2n=16)进行了形态、细胞学及气孔的观察比较。试验结果表明，浓度为0.3--0.5%的溶液处理24小时诱变效果较好，诱变率可达10--11.4%。镜检发现诱变植株的染色体多为混倍体，必须将混倍体形态明显似多倍体的部位进行扦插才可获得四倍体。四倍体金鱼草的形态从子叶期到大苗的各个发育阶段均与二倍体有明显差异，表现为叶子增厚、变形，气孔增大，花瓣增厚、增大，花期晚，自花授粉不孕等。四倍体植株的花粉因减数分裂异常，全部败育，是四倍体自花授粉不孕的主要原因。

THE PRELIMINARY STUDY ON POLYPLOID OF ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS L.

In this paper, the method of inducing the polyploid of Antirrhinum majus L.by the water solution of colchicine was discribed, the seedling of the tetraploid ( 2 n = 32 ) and the diploid ( 2 n = 16 ) was observed and compared in morphology, cytology, and the length of stoma. The results showed that the mutation frequency was better at the solution concentration of 0.3-0.5% and treatment for 24 hours the mutation frequency was 10-11.4%. Most of chromosomes of mutated plants was mixoploidy under microscopy. However, the tetraploid plant could be obtained only by the cutting of the mixoploids which showed with polyploid characters. The morphology of the tetraploid of Antirrhinum majus L. was obviously different from the diploid plants in each develop ment stage ( from the cotyledon stage to seedling ) . The thickness of the cotyledon was increased, but the cotyledon was deformed.The sto-mata were enlarged, and the thickness and the size of the petal were increased. The period Of flowering was later from 1 to 3 weeks and the pollens under the self-pollination were sterile. The main reason of sterile under the self-pollination is the abnormality of the meiosis of pollen mother cells in tetraploid and the abortion of all pollens.