滇东北山区生态环境恢复与重建探析

滇东北山区山高坡陡,水土流失严重,地质灾害频繁,是云南省生态环境恶化、人民生活贫困的特困山区之一。严重的水土流失,构成了对长江中下游地区的危害日益加剧。坡耕地是水土流失的主体,加快退耕还林步伐和加速坡耕地治理是当务之急。在当前实施西部大开发战略中,应把滇东北山区生态环境恢复与重建纳入重要议事日程,建议从加快生态经济型防护林(草)体系建设,建立滇东北生态经济科技示范园区,实行生态移民,积极进行水土保持型生态农业建设,强化法制意识,依法保护和治理生态环境和控制人口增长,提高人口素质。

An Exploration to Ecological Restoration and Reconstruction of Mountainous Areas of Northeastern Yunnan

The mountainous areas of northeastern Yunnan are characterized by high mountains and deep slopes, which are quite susceptible to soil and water loss, and geological disasters such as landslide. The serious soil and water loss brings rigorous threats to the middle and low reaches of Yangzi River. Plough land located at sloping areas is the major part for soil and water loss. Comprehensive control and management of those slope land and transforming those plough lands at high mountains back to forests are the critical procedures. Within the promising context of "Western Development", it is suggested to give priority to the ecological restoration and reconstruction. Some recommendations such as accelerating the construction of protective forest system with the function of either ecological or economic, establishing the eco-economic demonstration sites, organizing necessary immigration, improving the facility construction for soil and water conservation, facilitating the awareness building and controlling the population increase, are proposed.