油茶无性系早实丰产配套技术的研究

本文系统总结了确保大批量繁殖油茶嫁接苗的配套技术,提出了大面积营造油茶无性系林分提高成活率的四个关键,明确了确保油茶无性系林分早实丰产的六项措施。同时,应用林木无性系育种的原理,结合营造早实丰产林,评选出了八个优良无性系。试验证明,一般条件下,油茶优良无性系林分的亩产油量可以稳定在14.0 kg以上;加强管理,可以使亩产油量稳定在25.0～40.0kg。该项系列配套技术已经开始在我国各主要油茶产区推广,造林总面积已达5 000余亩。

A Series of Techniques for the Oil Tea Tree Clone Bearing Early and Plenty

This article shows a series of techniques for the breeding of Oil Tea tree grafted in a great number. The article also show four key points for the planting: making the grafting stronger; planting in the season with plenty of rainfall; protecting them from weeds, cattle and other's damage; planting with older grafting after breeding in the nursary for 1.5 or 2.5 years. The test indicated that in order to get rich yield, we must pay more attention to the following: planting several clones in a certain field to insure 4~5 clones flowering at the same time; growing grafting denser than the plantation with seedlings; putting high clone tree together with low one in order to get more energy from the sun; cutting the tip and selecting the side shoots to form suitable crown when they are very young; fertilizing with a suitable proportion of N, P, K; planting some kinds of plants between graftings during the first 6 years. 8 surper clones have been selected from 200 clones. The tests also show that the plantation grown with these clones could produce 210.0kg edible oil per hectare every year in general condition, and produce 375~600 kg oil in good condition. All of these techniques have been put into use in the main Oil Tea areas in our country, reaching a total area of over 330 hectares.