小麦籽粒营养物质和次生物质含量与其对玉米象抗性的关系

为明确生产栽培小麦品种对玉米象Sitophilus zeamais(Motschulsky)的抗性机制,采用选择性和非选择性试验法系统评估了9个小麦品种对玉米象的抗性,并分析了小麦籽粒营养物质和次生物质含量与其抗性的关系。结果显示,不同小麦品种对玉米象的抗性存在显著差异,其中陕麦139和西农88的不选择性和抗生性较弱,小偃22、周麦16和周麦11较强;玉米象成虫对西农165选择性最强,虫口数为152.00头,而卵至子代成虫发育历期最长,为35.06 d,子代成虫数、重量损失率和敏感系数均较低,分别为19.67头、5.37%和8.30;对周麦18选择性最差,敏感性居中。玉米象成虫对不同小麦品种的选择性与各物质含量,以及总酚、蛋白质含量与各抗性指标均无显著相关性,但阿魏酸含量与子代成虫数、敏感系数及重量损失率显著负相关;可溶性糖含量与子代成虫数、敏感系数及重量损失率显著正相关,与卵至子代成虫发育历期显著负相关。表明小麦品种对玉米象的抗生性与其籽粒中阿魏酸和可溶性糖含量相关,阿魏酸含量越高、可溶性糖含量越低,小麦对玉米象的抗性越强。

Relationships between the contents of nutrients and secondary metabolites in wheat seeds and their resistance to Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)

To clarify the resistance and the mechanisms of cultivated wheat varieties to the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, the resistances of nine wheat varieties to S. zeamais were evaluated using choice and no-choice test methods. The correlations between contents of nutrients and secondary metabolites in wheat seeds were studied, and their resistance to S. zeamais was analyzed using correlation analysis. The results showed that the resistance level of different wheat varieties to S. zeamais were significantly different. Both non-preference and antibiosis of Xinong 88 and Shaanmai 139 were lower than those of other wheat varieties, and those of Xiaoyan 22, Zhoumai 11 and Zhoumai 16 were stronger. Xinong 165 had the highest number of adults (152.00) among all wheat varieties in choice tests, but longest egg-toadult duration (35.06 d), and lower number of progeny emerged (19.67), lower weight loss rate (5.37%) and susceptibility index (8.30) in non-choice tests. In contrast, Zhoumai 18 had the lowest number of adults, but moderate susceptibility. No significant correlations were found between preference parameter and the contents of various chemicals, as well as between the contents of protein and total phenol and various resistance indictors. However, ferulic acid content had a clear negative correlation with the adult number of progeny, susceptibility index and weight loss rate. Soluble sugar content had a clear positive correlation with the adult number of progeny, susceptibility index and weight loss rate, and a clear negative correlation with egg to adult duration. The results indicated that antibiosis of wheat variety to S. zeamais was closely related to the content of ferulic acid and soluble sugar in wheat seeds. The higher ferulic acid content or the lower soluble sugar content, the stronger resistance of wheat has to S. zeamais.