我国小麦条锈菌生理专化研究

根据大量的鉴定结果,进一步证明德国的小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主,除个别品种外,不能反映我国条锈菌交异的实际情况;为此,选出了比较适合我国情况的一套鉴别寄主,它们是:Trigo Eureka F.G.S.、Fulhard、Strubes Dickkopf、保加利亚春麦 Lutescens128、碧蚂1号、西北丰收、西北54号、玉皮、甘肃96号。应用所选出的鉴别寄主、四年来共分析了325个标样,它们可划分为10个不同的生理小种,定名为条中1号到10号。条中1号的出现频率最高、分布最广,它能侵染碧蚂1号、西北54号、西北丰收、农大183、石家407等品种及含有3037血统的许多品系。近年来碧蚂1号抗锈性退化即系由于该小种的猖獗。条中8号出现频率仅次于1号,它的特点是对玉皮、甘肃96号有很强致病力。条中2号出现频率虽很低,但它能侵染重要推广品种西农6028。条中3号对碧蚂1号、石家庄407、玉皮、西农6028都没有致病力,这一小种1957年出现频率很高(37.3%),但以后几年未再鉴定到;作者等推测它可能是条中1号取得优势以前的一个主要小种。已经获得的研究结果表明现阶段我国小麦抗条锈病育种工作应以条中1号、2号和8号三个小种作为主要对象。

STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGIC SPECIALIZATION OF STRIPE RUST OF WHEAT IN CHINA

The present studies were chiefly carried out during the years 1957 to 1961 in Peking.As the differentials chosen by Gassner and Straib has been proved to be inadequate for the identification of the physiologic races of stripe rust in this country,a new set of differentials including Pi-Ma-1,Si-Pei 54,Si-Pei-Fong-Shou,Quality,Kansu 96,Trigo Eureka F.C.S.,Strubes Dickkopf,Fulhard,and a Bulgarian spring wheat Lutescens 128 were selected on the basis of a series of trials in which about 200 wheat varieties were tested for their resistence against41 isolates.Results obtained by greenhouse inoculation tests with 21 important varieties in their adult stage and data from rust nurseries and field survey indicated that the discriminative effects of the new differentials are satisfactory.325 collections from various districts of 15 provinces were analysed and 10 races were differentiated.They have been designated as CY-1 to CY-10,among which CY-1 was the.most prevalent,followed by CY-8.Since 1955-1956,Pi-Ma-1,one of the most important commercial winter wheat had lost its resistence against stripe rust and many other immune varieties were also found to become infected.Data showed that the Pi-Ma-1 epidemics were attributable to the prevalence of race CY-1.Besides its higher compatibility.with Pi-Ma-1,this race was characterized by its ability to attack Si-Pei 54,Si-Pei-Fong-Shou,Nung-Ta 183,Shih-Kia-Chwang-407,and their relatives.CY-8 was compatible with Quality and Kansu 96.The suffering of these two varieties from stripe rust in many regions during recent years were closely correlated tothe rise of this race.CY-2 was compatible with Si-Nung 6028,incompatible with Pi-Ma-1.Race CY-3 acted like CY-8 except that it was less virulent on Fulhard.This race was unable to attack Pi-Ma-1,Shih-Kia-Chwang 407,Si-Nung 6028 and Quality.It seemed that in 1957 CY-1 was widely distributed as it comprised 37.3% of isolates being identified,however,it was not found in later years.The reason for its disappearence was not clearly known.It seemed probable that CY-3 might be the predominant race before the prevalence of CY-1 which increased rapidly thereafter due to the extensive distribution of Pi-Ma-1.The characteris-tics of the other races were also described.It was suggested that CY-1,CY-8 and CY-2 should be taken as the main objects of the breeding work for stripe rust resistence in this country.