三雌蕊小麦EMS诱变株系的农艺性状评价及SSR多态性分析

为获得新的小麦雌蕊和雄蕊突变材料，并促进小麦遗传改良和功能基因组学的研究，利用甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methane sulfonate，EMS)对三雌蕊小麦(TP)种子进行诱变处理，确定半致死浓度和时间，并对诱变的突变体进行SSR检测和农艺性状分析。结果表明，TP种子适宜的EMS诱变条件为0.8%的EMS处理8 h。利用EMS诱变处理5 000粒TP种子，结果在其M₃单粒传群体中共发现20个能稳定遗传的雌蕊和雄蕊突变株系。农艺性状分析表明，与TP相比，20个突变株系的穗粒数明显减少，部分突变株系的株高、穗长等性状与TP之间具有显著差异。SSR分析结果表明，22个SSR标记共扩增得到61个等位基因位点，平均每个标记可以检测到2.77个等位基因。获得42条多态性条带，多态性为68.85%。20个突变株系和对照TP的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.352 9~0.956 5，说明这些突变体具有丰富的遗传多样性。聚类结果表明，不同突变性状之间可以较好地被区分开，相同突变性状（尤其是单雌蕊性状）可以被较好地聚在同一簇下。

Agronomic Traits and SSR Analysis of Mutant Lines Induced by EMS in Three-Pistil Wheat

In order to obtain new mutation materials of pistil and stamen in wheat and promote the research of wheat genetic improvement and functional genomics,this study used ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS) to induce mutagenesis on three-pistil wheat(TP) seeds. The mutants were subjected to SSR detection and agronomic traits analysis. The results showed that the semi-lethal treatment conditions was 0.8% EMS treatment on TP seeds for 8 h.Using EMS semi-lethal conditions to treat 5 000 TP seeds,a total of 20 pistil and stamen mutants with stable inheritance were screened in the M₃ population. Analysis of agronomic traits showed that the number of grains per spike of the 20 mutant plants was significantly reduced compared with that of TP. Some mutant plants also showed significant differences in plant height,ear length,etc.,compared with those of TP. The results of SSR analysis showed that a total of 61 loci were amplified by 22 SSR markers,and each marker detected 2.77 alleles on average. Among them,42 loci were polymorphic,and the polymorphism rate was 68.85%. The genetic similarity coefficients between the 20 mutants and the TP ranged from 0.352 9 to 0.956 5,indicating that these mutants have rich genetic diversity. The clustering results showed that different mutation traits can be better distinguished,and the same mutation traits(especially the single pistil trait,SP) can be better clustered under the same cluster.