不同水氮处理对冬播春小麦产量和水氮利用效率的影响

为探明春麦冬播高产、高效水氮运筹模式，2019-2021年在田间进行两因素三水平裂区试验，灌水量设3 150(W₁)、3 600(W₂)和4 200 m³·hm_-2(W₃)三个水平；施氮量设0(N₀)、135(N₁)和210 kg·hm_-2(N₂)三个水平，研究了9种水、氮处理组合对春小麦品种新春48号0~100 cm土层耗水量、群体叶面积指数、干物质积累量、产量及水、氮利用效率的影响。结果表明，增加灌水量提高了0~40 cm 土层含水量，减少了40～100 cm土层储水消耗量，增加了总耗水量；同一灌水量条件下，施氮量对总耗水量影响不显著；水、氮协同增产效应大于其单因素效应，增加滴水量或氮肥量均增加小麦群体叶面积指数、总光合势和干物质积累量，水分利用效率（1.12～1.23 kg·m^-3）和氮肥农学利用效率（7.58～11.17 kg·kg_-1）呈先增后降趋势。水、氮协同增产是叶面积指数、总光合势和干物质积累量提高的结果。北疆春麦冬播适宜的水、氮运筹模式为总灌水量3 600～4 200 m³·hm_-2、总施氮量135～210 kg·hm_-2。

Effect of Different Irrigation and Nitrogen Application on Yield, Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Spring Wheat Sown in Winter

In order to explore the high-yield and high-efficiency water and nitrogen mode of spring wheat sown in winter, a two-factor and three-level split plot experiment was conducted in the field from 2019 to 2021, and the irrigation amount was set up at 3 150(W₁), 3 600(W₂) and 4 200 m³·hm_-2(W₃) levels.The effects of nine water and nitrogen treatment combinations on water consumption in 0-100 cm soil layer, population leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, yield,water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of the spring wheat variety Xinchun 48 were studied. The results showed that increasing the amount of dripping water increased the water content of 0-40 cm soil layer, reduced the water storage consumption of 40-100 cm soil layer, and increased the total water consumption. Under the same irrigation conditions, the effect of nitrogen application rate on total water consumption was not significant. The synergistic yield increasing effect of water and nitrogen was greater than its single factor. Increasing the amount of drip or nitrogen fertilizer increased the leaf area index, total photosynthetic potential and dry matter accumulation of wheat population. The water use efficiency(1.12-1.23 kg·m^-3) and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency(7.58-11.17 kg·kg_-1) increased first and then decreased. The synergistic effect of water and nitrogen on yield increase is the result of the synergistic effect of water and nitrogen on leaf area index, total photosynthetic potential and dry matter accumulation. The suitable water and nitrogen mode for spring wheat sown in winter in Northern Xinjiang is the total drip of 3 600-4 200 m³·hm_-2 and the total nitrogen application of 135-210 kg·hm_-2.