玉米单倍体诱导系的杂种优势利用研究

以不同种质来源的25份玉米单倍体诱导系为亲本组配的23个杂交F1为供试材料,对其单倍体诱导率的杂种优势指数、中亲优势和超亲优势进行比较和分析,以探讨不同种质来源的诱导系间杂种F1代的诱导率是否存在杂种优势。结果表明,23个杂交F1代的杂种优势指数平均为289.71%;中亲优势平均为189.71%;超亲优势平均为112.11%。23个F1杂交组合的诱导率中有20个表现出超亲优势,仅3个组合的诱导率未表现出超亲优势。当杂交组合的父、母本或其一的诱导率较高时,F1代诱导率接近中亲值;当双亲的诱导率较低时,F1代诱导率的杂种优势表现较高。通过组配不同来源诱导系的F1代,可综合利用其在株高、花粉量、抗倒伏性和诱导率等方面的杂种优势,使田间大规模诱导玉米单倍体产生更简便易行。

Analysis of Maize Haploid Induction Rate of F1 Plant

The importance of haploid and doubled haploid（DH） is well known to corn breeders.The primary objective of this study was to estimate the heterosis of haploid induction rate in F1 generation.25 haploid inducing lines derived from different germplasm were crossed to get 23 F1 hybrids.The analysis of the index of heterosis,mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis of haploid induction rate showed：（ⅰ） the index of heterosis was 289.71%;（ⅱ） the mid-parent heterosis was 189.71%;（ⅲ） the over-parent heterosis was 112.11%.20 of 23 crosses showed over-parent heterosis,only 3 of 23 did not show over-parent heterosis.The induction rate of F1 was more close to the mid-parent value when both or one of their parent haploid induction rates were or was high;the heterosis of haploid induction rate was higher when these of their parents were lower.The use of F1 plants as inducers may be even more advantageous because of their higher vigor in plant height,pollen shedding,lodging resistance and haploid induction rate.The methods will make it more convenient and easier for large-scale production of haploids.