杉木—木荷混交林土壤肥力与水源涵养功能的研究

[目的]研究杉木—木荷混交林土壤肥力与水源涵养功能。[方法]通过对23年生杉木—木荷混交林以及杉木纯林的生物量和土壤进行调查。[结果]与纯林相比,混交林更能促进林木生长,混交林中的杉木的平均树高、平均胸径比纯林中的杉木分别提高了20%、18.97%。混交林林分的总蓄水量为1 947.98 t/hm2,纯林林分总蓄水量为1 640.16 t/hm2,混交林能明显降低土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度,改善土壤水分状况,同时混交林比纯林具有更好的改土培肥作用,0～20 cm土层中,混交林土壤的有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾、有效磷、水解氮分别比纯林中提高34.05%、47.66%、19.29%、55.04%、49.15%和20.63%,而在20～40 cm土层中各种养分均得到不同程度的提高。[结论]与纯林相比,混交林的营造对林木生长、土壤的物理性质、土壤肥力以及水源涵养均具有良好的改良作用。

Study on the Soil Fertility and Water Conservation Functions of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba Mixed Forests

[Objective] To study the water conservation functions and soil fertility of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba mixed forests.[Method] The biomass and soil fertility of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba mixed forests and Cunninghamia lanceolata pure plantations were studied.[Result] Compared with pure plantation,mixed forest greatly promoted the growth of trees,the average diameter at breast height and average tree height of Cunninghamia lanceolata in mixed forests were increased by 20% and 18.97%,respectively.The total water storage volumes of mixed forests and pure plantation were 1 947.98 t/hm2 and 1 640.16 t/hm2,respectively.The results also indicated that mixed forests can obviously decrease soil bulk density,increase soil porosity,and improve soil water regime,the mixed forests had a better effects on soil amelioration than pure plantations.In 0-20 cm soil layer,the organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available potassium,available phosphorus,hydrolyzable nitrogen of mixed forests were increased by 34.05%,47.66%,19.29%,55.04%,49.15% and 20.63%,respectively compared with pure plantations,and under 20-40 cm layers,the soil nutrients that mentioned above attained a different degrees of enhancement.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical references for studying the ecosystem functions of mixed forests and realizing the sustainable management of forestry.