辽东栎天然群体结实性状变异与优良类型选择

目的]为探明北京西山山区辽东栎天然群体结实性状的自然变异,筛选出在果实丰产、优质等方面表现优良的类型。方法]对12块标准地中134株辽东栎植株结实性状(果长、果宽、平均果径、果长/果宽、单果重等)进行了测定分析。结果]辽东栎果实表型性状果长、果宽、平均果径、果长/果宽、单果重个体间变异幅度均高于个体内,差异达到了极显著差异(P0.01);辽东栎天然群体被划分为散生小果型、散生中果型、散生大果型、簇生小果型、簇生中果型和簇生大果型6种类型;簇生中果型和簇生大果型植株单位面积结实量分别为32.86和34.65 g/m2,显著高于其他类型(P0.05),散生大果型和簇生大果型平均果径分别为16.37、15.56 cm,显著高于其他类型。结论]辽东栎天然群体内果实表型性状存在着丰富变异,簇生中果型、散生大果型和簇生大果型可作为丰产、易收集优良种质进一步研究和利用。

Variation of Fruit Characters among the Natural Population of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz and the Selection of Superior Types

Objective] To illustrate the variation law of fruit characters among the natural population of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz in western mountainous area of Beijing,and select superior type in terms of yield and quality.Method] Fruiting characters(fruits length,width,average diameter,ratio of length to width,and unit weight) of 134 trees in 12 standard plots of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz were determined and analyzed.Result] The range of variation among the individuals were higher than within the individuals with respect to the length,width,average diameter,ratio of length to width,and unit weight.The natural population of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz can be divided into six types,including small scattered fruit,medium scattered fruit,big scattered fruit,small clustered fruit,medium clustered fruit and big clustered fruit.The fruit weight of per unit area of medium clustered type and big clustered type were 32.86 g/m2 and 34.65 g/m2,respectively,significantly higher than the other types(P<0.05).The average fruit diameter of big clustered fruits and big scattered fruits of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz were respectively 15.56 cm and 16.37 cm,significantly higher than the other types(P<0.05).Conclusion] The fruit character of natural population of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz varied significantly.Big scattered and big clustered fruits are of excellent property in terms of high yield and easy collection which is worth further application research.