娄底市油菜适宜播种期及气象条件研究

利用2011～2012年娄底市开展的育苗移栽油菜分期播种试验资料和常规气象观测资料,采用线性相关分析法,对不同播期各主要生育阶段的生物学特性及各生育阶段的主要气象影响因子进行了分析。研究表明,播种期是影响油菜产量的主要原因,在可播期内,油菜产量随着播种期的推迟而降低。播种期推迟导致全生育期缩短,主要体现在苗期,苗期过短不能形成旺苗越冬,影响冬后产量性状形成。气象条件是影响油菜产量的次要原因,从不同播种期试验资料与气象因子分析可知,不同播种期影响油菜产量的主要气象因子是日平均气温、日照时数与降水。苗期日平均气温高,日照足且有适当的降水,可使苗期苗势好,长势旺。因此,从气象条件考虑最佳播种期应选择9月中旬中期。

Rape Suitable Sowing Period and Meteorological Conditions Research of Loudi City

Using rapeseed sowing test data,meteorological data of Loudi City from 2011 to 2012 and based on the linear correlation analysis,the biological characteristics and main meteorological factors in each stage of different sowing periods were analyzed.The study showed that sowing period is the main cause influencing rape yield.Rape yield decreased with sowing period delayed.The delay of sowing period shortened the whole development period.Meteorological condition is the second cause for influencing rape yield,mainly including daily average temperature,sunshine hours and precipitation.Higher average temperature,abundant sunshine and proper precipitation were beneficial for rape growth.Considering the meteorological condition,the optimum sowing date should be selected during middle ten days of September.