温度和光照时间对中华大蟾蜍胚胎发育的影响

[目的]探索温度、光照时间对中华大蟾蜍受精卵孵化率和蝌蚪成活率的影响。[方法]采用单因子试验方法,研究在不同温度和不同光照时间下中华大蟾蜍受精卵的孵化时间、孵化率和蝌蚪成活率,探讨中华大蟾蜍受精卵孵化的最适温度和光照时间。[结果]不同温度下中华大蟾蜍受精卵的孵化率及蝌蚪成活率差异极显著(P0.01)。20℃是中华大蟾蜍受精卵的最适孵化温度,此时其孵化率和蝌蚪成活率均在90%以上,且孵化时间较快,随着温度升高孵化速度加快,但孵化率与蝌蚪成活率明显下降。25℃下不同光照时间对中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪孵化率的影响差异不显著(P0.05),但对中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪成活率有极显著的影响(P0.01),每天24 h光照是中华大蟾蜍受精卵的最适孵化光照时间。[结论]该研究可为促进中华大蟾蜍养殖业的发展提供科学依据。

Effect of Temperature and Illumination Time on the Embryonic Development of Bufo bufo gargarizans

[Objective] The research aimed to explore the effects of temperature and illumination time on the hatching rate of fertilized eggs and the tadpole survival rate of Bufo bufo gargarizans.[Method] Using single factor test method,the hatching time,hatching rate and tadpole survival rate of Bufo bufo gargarizans at different temperatures and illumination time were studied.And the optimum temperature and illumination time for the hatching of fertilized eggs of Bufo bufo gargarizans were discussed.[Result] The hatching rate and tadpole survival rate of Bufo bufo gargarizans at different temperatures had extremely significant differences(P<0.01).And the optimum temperature for the hatching of fertilized eggs of Bufo bufo gargarizans was 20 ℃.At 20 ℃,the hatching rates and tadpole survival rates were over 90% and the incubation time was shorter.With the rising of temperature,the hatching speed increased,but the hatching rate and tadpole survival rate decreased obviously.At 25 ℃,the effects of different illumination time on the hatching rate of Bufo bufo gargarizans had no significant difference(P>0.05),but the effects of different illumination time on tadpole survival rate of Bufo bufo gargarizans was extremely significant(P<0.01).The optimum illumination time for the hatching of Bufo bufo gargarizans was 24 hours per day.[Conclusion] The research could provided scientific basis for promoting the development of Bufo bufo gargarizans culture industry.