2011年聊城降水变化特征及对农业影响分析

采用中国气象局《全国气候影响评价》的标准,利用降水距平百分率判断降水是否正常,对2011年全年和季降水进行了评价,并分析了降水的变化特征及对农业的利弊影响。结果表明,2011年属降水较多年份之一,主要集中在夏季和秋季,冬季和春季降水均比常年偏少;旱情严重的农田主要分布在西部水浇条件差的县市。夏、秋季降水充沛,但降水时段过与集中,阴雨天气多,造成大部分地段田间积水或过湿,形成渍涝,导致秋粮作物成熟、收获期推迟;入冬前降水量较常年同期偏多,土壤蓄墒充足,大部分小麦趁墒播种,出苗顺利,越冬期间土壤墒情适宜,对冬小麦的安全越冬十分有利。

Precipitation Changes Characteristics and Their Impact on Agriculture of Liaocheng in 2011

According to the standards of China Climate Impact Assessment published by China Meteorological Administration,the normality of precipitation was judged from its anomaly percentage,the annual and seasonal precipitation in 2011 was evaluated,and the change characteristics of precipitation and their impact on agricultural production were analyzed.As indicated by the results,there was more precipitation in the year of 2011,mostly concentrated in summer and autumn,the precipitation in winter and spring was less than the average;the farmlands seriously affected by drought were mainly distributed in the area of west Liaocheng where the irrigation conditions were bad.There were plenty of precipitation in summer and winter,which,however,would cause floods in some areas due to the over concentration of raining period and rainy weather,resulting in a delay of maturity and harvest of autumn crops.The precipitation before winter was a little more than the average,thus the soil was stored with enough water for the sowing and emergence of wheat seedlings.The suitable water content in soil during the overwintering period is good for the growth of winter wheat.