不同硝化抑制剂对稻季N2O排放、NH3挥发和水稻产量的影响

为了筛选出在水稻生产中应用效果更佳的硝化抑制剂，探讨三种不同硝化抑制剂对水稻季N2O排放、NH3挥发、水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响。本研究在太湖地区开展水稻季田间小区试验，在尿素中分别添加化学合成硝化抑制剂2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶（CP）和3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐（DMPP）以及生物硝化抑制剂对羟基苯丙酸甲酯（MHPP）。结果表明，与单施尿素处理相比，尿素添加三种硝化抑制剂能显著减少N2O排放总量，抑制效果表现为DMPP（31.71%）>MHPP（30.40%）>CP（27.83%），不同硝化抑制剂间减排效果无显著差异；添加硝化抑制剂均显著增加了NH3挥发总量，促进作用表现为CP（58.7%）>DMPP（40.3%）>MHPP（25.3%），不同硝化抑制剂间差异显著；添加硝化抑制剂的增产幅度为MHPP（4.9%）>CP（3.3%）>DMPP（1.1%），不同硝化抑制剂间无显著差异，氮肥表观利用率显著增加，表现为MHPP（15.7%）>CP（13.8%）>DMPP（10.9%），但不同硝化抑制剂间无显著差异；综合考虑活性气态氮损失量和水稻产量，三种硝化抑制剂相比单施尿素均显著增加了单位产量活性气态氮排放强度，增加幅度表现为CP（50.3%）>DMPP（35.0%）>MHPP（17.8%），CP显著高于DMPP和MHPP。综合比较，生物硝化抑制剂MHPP在水稻生产中增效减排的作用优于化学合成硝化抑制剂CP和DMPP，但在生产应用中要与其他NH3挥发减排措施相结合，更好的发挥其增效减排潜力，推动农业绿色可持续发展。

Effects of Different Nitrification Inhibitors on N2O Emission, NH3 Volatilization and Yield in Rice Season

In order to screen out nitrification inhibitor with better application effect in rice production. we investigated the effects of different nitrification inhibitors on N2O emission, NH3 volatilization, rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice season. To evaluate the potential of increasing efficiency and reducing N loss. A paddy field plot experiment was conducted in Taihu Lake region, synthetic nitrification inhibitor 2-chloro-6-(trichloro-methyl) pyridine (CP), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), and biological nitrification inhibitor methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (MHPP) were added into urea, respectively. The results showed that compared with urea alone application, the addition of NIs decreased total N2O emission but increased total NH3 volatilization. The inhibitory effects of different NIs on total N2O emission were DMPP (31.71%)>MHPP (30.40%)>CP (27.83%), but had no significant different among the NIs. The promotion effects on total NH3 volatilization were CP (58.7%)>DMPP (40.3%)>MHPP (25.3%), had no significant different among the NIs. The rice yield and apparent N recovery efficiency were increased with NIs, effects of grain yield increase were MHPP (4.9%)>CP (3.3%)>DMPP (1.1%), and enhancement effects of nitrogen were MHPP (15.7%)>CP (13.8%)>DMPP (10.9%), had no significant different among the NIs. Comprehensively consider the rice yield and reactive gaseous nitrogen emission which induced by N2O and NH3, NIs increased yield-scaled reactive gaseous nitrogen emission, and CP (50.3%) was higher than DMPP (35.0%) and MHPP (17.8%). Overall, our study suggested that the BNI MHPP may be a better choice than SNIs CP and DMPP which decrease nitrogen loss and increase yield. Furthermore, the NH3 volatilization reduction measures should be combined with NIs to achieve better nitrogen use efficiency and promote the green sustainable development of agriculture.