不同绿肥对土壤肥力及后茬水稻养分吸收的影响

为了探究不同绿肥品种之间的生长差异及其翻压后对后茬水稻养分的影响，通过选取7种不同绿肥（紫云英、白三叶草、金花菜、光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆、油菜、二月兰），以冬闲田（CK）为对照，进行大田试验，分析不同绿肥品种的生长性状、土壤肥力和水稻的产量、养分、养分累积量等指标。结果表明：不同的绿肥作物品种存在着不同的生长差异，综合来看以光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆的生物量最高，分别为46.07 t/hm2、38.74t/hm2，二者养分含量及养分累积量显著高于其他绿肥品种，适合作为苏北地区种植的绿肥品种；种植绿肥具有提高土壤肥力的潜力，促进土壤养分累积，同时对改良土壤肥力具有积极的作用。箭筈豌豆翻压后的土壤pH比CK 高出0.71%，光叶苕子翻压后有机质含量、全氮含量比CK高出1.56%、8.86%；绿肥翻压后对水稻秸秆和籽粒的氮、磷、钾含量及其累积量有了显著的增加，其中以箭筈豌豆的综合效果最好，与CK相比，箭筈豌豆翻压后水稻秸秆全氮累积量、全磷累积量分别提高15.18%、14.98%，水稻籽粒全氮累积量、全钾累积量分别提高9.98%、15.02%，水稻地上部全氮总累积量、全磷总累积量分别提高14.75%、20.42%。综上，光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆的生物量、养分累积量较高，推荐作为该地区种植的绿肥品种；光叶苕子能够对土壤肥力有一定的提高，箭筈豌豆能够促进水稻养分含量及养分累积量。研究结果可为苏北地区绿肥的利用与推广提供理论依据。

Effects of Different Green Manures on Soil Fertility and Nutrient Uptake of Rice

In order to explore the growth differences between different green manure varieties and their effects on the nutrients of rice after turning over, seven different green manures, with the winter idle field (CK) as the control, a field experiment was carried out to analyze the growth characters, soil fertility, yield and nutrients of different green manure varieties. The results showed that different green manure crop varieties had different growth differences. On the whole, the biomass and nutrient content of the Vicia villosa var. and Vicia sativa L. were the highest, which are 46.07 t/hm2 and 38.74 t/hm2 respectively. Their nutrient content and nutrient accumulation are significantly higher than those of other green manure varieties, and they were suitable as green manure varieties for planting in northern Jiangsu. Planting green manure has the potential to improve soil fertility and promote soil nutrient accumulation, and have a positive role in improving soil fertility. The soil pH of Vicia sativa L. after turning over is 0.71% higher than CK, and organic matter content, total nitrogen content, and ammonium nitrogen content of Vicia villosa var. after turning over are 1.56%, 8.86% higher than CK.After green manure turning over, the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content and accumulation of rice straw and grain have been significantly increased. Among them, Vicia sativa L. has the best comprehensive effect. Compared with CK, after the Vicia sativa L. is turned over, the total nitrogen accumulation and total phosphorus accumulation of rice straw have increased by 15.18% and 14.98% respectively, the total nitrogen accumulation and total potassium accumulation of rice grain have increased by 9.98% and 15.02% respectively, and the total nitrogen accumulation above the ground The total accumulation of total phosphorus increased by 14.75% and 20.42% respectively. To sum up, the biomass and nutrient accumulation of Vicia villosa var. and Vicia sativa L. are relatively high, so they are recommended as green manure varieties in this region; Vicia villosa var. can improve soil fertility to a certain extent, and Vicia sativa L. can promote nutrient content and nutrient accumulation of rice. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the use and promotion of green manure in northern Jiangsu.