矿区土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究进展

矿区水土流失是一种典型的人为加速侵蚀,存在着明显不同于原地貌的侵蚀特征:井工开采引起的地表塌陷,使地表变形、坡度加大、侵蚀加重,对地下水质也造成污染;露天开采排出的大量松散堆积物,由于地表严重压实和非均匀沉降,促使径流大量汇集,引起崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害,同时增加了入河泥沙量,造成河道淤积、行洪困难.本文论述了采矿塌陷地、煤矸石山、排土场的水土流失特征,采矿对新增入河泥沙的影响,探讨了国内外矿区水土流失的防治所采用的工程措施和生物措施、动态监测水土流失的模型,以及今后尚需研究的内容.

Advances in Research of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation in Mining Area

Soil and water loss is a kind of typical man-made accumulated erosion in mining area, whose erosion characteristics is distinctly different from previous landforms; ground subsidence resulting from pit-mining not only makes ground deform,slope steep and erosion degree serious, but has underground water quality polluted; Due to condensed surface and uneven subsidence, loose pile waste discharged by open-cast mining, prompts runoff to converge and leads to collapse and slope slide and debris flow etc, at the same time, increases mud and sand entering river making river course deposited and. making flood discharged difficultly. This paper elaborated characteristics of soil and water loss of subsidence and solid waste materials and its effect on sand entering river, discussed home and broad control measures including engineering measures and biological measures and dynamic monitoring model of soil and water loss, and research contents in future.