助剂在除草剂应用中的作用及发展前景

对助剂在除草剂中的应用历史、国外现状、发展趋势进行了综述。主要内容有助剂在除草剂中的作用,如抗飘移、兼容、沉积、去泡、水质调节等及相应的助剂品种;按来源和化学结构,助剂的类型有表面活性剂类、油类、无机盐类等,这些助剂对除草剂活性提高都有促进作用。文中指出了生物源、环境相容性、低水生生物毒性、易降解、对作物没有毒害的高效新型助剂是助剂开发的方向,并介绍了部分国外新品种;作者还对我国应采取的对策提出了建议。

A Review and Prospect on Herbicide Adjuvants

The history, present status and future prospects of adjuvants application in herbicides were briefly reviewed. Adjuvants could be separated into two groups, activator adjuvants and utility adjuvants. The former directly enhances the efficacy of a herbicide, through increasement of herbicide absorption, spreading, cuticular penetration, rainfastness and retention enhancement, and photodegradation of the herbicide can also be decreased. And the utility adjuvants is utilized for improving application characteristics, behaviors and physical properties of herbicides and reducing or minimizing unwanted side effects on application.According to chemical structure and resource, adjuvants can be classified into three types: surfactants, oils and inorganic salts. Inorganic salts can increase herbicide efficacy by improving absorption and/or rendering inactive of calcium(Ca 2+ ), magnesium(Mg 2+ ), or iron(Fe 3+ ) ions in spray solutions. Oils adjuvants include petroleum oil concentrates, vegetable oil concentrates and esterified vegetable oils.Biological resources, environmental friendly, low phytotoxicity, biodegradable and high efficacy adjuvants will be the goal of adjuvant development. Some novel adjuvants were also introduced in this article. A suggestion to the research and development of adjuvants in China was given by the authors.