玉米不同基因型气孔特征和叶温差的研究

为了探讨玉米不同基因型和杂种优势在气孔及蒸腾上的特征，对3个高产杂交种(农大108、农大103和中原单32)及其所有亲本进行了气孔形态、气孔频率和叶温差的观察与测量。结果表明，3个玉米杂交种在气孔特征及叶温上都表现出显著的杂种优势，其中农大108和农大103的杂交种气孔长度都表现正向超亲，杂种优势率分别为10．55％和9．30％，但气孔频率为负向超亲(杂种优势率分别为39．25％和20．43％)；中原单32的杂交种在气孔长度和气孔频率都表现正向超亲，杂种优势率分别为9．47％和16．48％；但从3个杂交种组合均值看，气孔长度为正向超亲，气孔频率为负向超亲。3个玉米杂交种的叶温差都表现正向超亲。相关分析表明，气孔长度与气孔频率呈显著负相关(r=-0．6460^*)；气孔长度与叶温差呈正相关，而气孔频率与叶温差呈负相关，但都不显著。

Studies on Stomatal Characters and Leaf Temperature Gap of Different Maize Genotypes

To study maize stomatal characters and leaf temperature gap, three maize hybrids (Nongda 108,Nongda 103 and Zhongyuandan 32) and their parental inbred lines were grown under field condition. The results indicated that Nongda 108 and Nongda 103 showed significantly positive heterosis of stomatal length and significantly negative heterosis of stomatal frequency, but Zhongyuandan 32 showed significantly positive heterosis of both stomatal length and stomatal frequency. On average of three hybridization combinations, hybrids showed longer stomatal length and less stomatal frequency than their parental lines. By comparison with their parental lines, three hybrids all showed significantly positive heterosis of leaf temperature gap. Correlation analysis on leaf stomatal characters showed there were significantly negative relationship between stomatal length and stomatal frequency (r=-0.646 0~*), positive relationship between stomatal length and leaf temperature gap, and negative relationship between stomatal frequency and leaf temperature gap.