几种固形物料的物理、化学性状及其栽培基质化评价

对6种有机物料泥炭、砻糠、木屑、鸡粪、草屑和风化煤及无机物料珍珠岩的比重、容重、孔隙度、含水量等物理性状，以及化学成分铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷和速效的4种金属元素(K、Ca、Mg和Fe)含量进行了测试和分析。珍珠岩、砻糠和草屑的总孔隙度大，容重小，其饱和持水量较大。泥炭的pH值最低，而砻糠则很高，其他物料较为适中。鸡粪、砻糠和草屑的Ec值较高，其中鸡粪中的NH4-N和K^ 含量很高，砻糠的K^ 含量和草屑的NH4-N较高。按照理想化栽培基质对理化性状的要求，并考虑物料成本，提出用鸡粪 泥炭 砻糠 风化煤(或木屑、草屑、珍珠岩)以一定比例进行复合为宜。

Evaluation as Growing Medium on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Several Solid Materiels

Using peatmoss, charred rice husk, sawdust, chicken manure, cradled turfgrass, weathered coal and perlite as experiment materials.The several characteristics were studied, as such bulk density, specific gravity, total porosity, saturable water capacity, containing water capacity, pH, EC, NH_4-N, NO_3-N, available P and four available metals (K,Ca,Mg,Fe).The results showed that in the perlite, charred rice husk and cradled turfgrass, total porosity, saturable water capacity were greater and bulk density were less. In the pH, peatmoss was the least, charred rice husk was the most, the other materiels were moderate. EC of chicken manure, charred rice husk, and cradled turfgrass were higher, in the contents, NH_4-N, K~+ of chicken manure, K~+ of charred rice husk, and NH_4-N of cradled turfgrass were higher. According to the ideal physical and chemical characteristics in growing media, and the costs of every materiel, a feasible scheme was put forward to mix as a certain ratios with chicken manure, peatmoss, charred rice husk and weathered coal (or sawdust, or cradled turfgrass, or perlite).