牧草间作模式对盐碱化农田和黑土地土壤酶活性的影响

内蒙古农牧交错区近年来土壤退化严重，耕地粮饲生产结构失调，为促进粮草产业协调发展和改善土壤性状，本试验采用燕麦分别与箭筈豌豆和苜蓿不同间作模式，研究其在盐碱化农田和黑土地上饲草产量、品质及土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性的变化。其中燕麦设1.2、2.4、3.6 m 3种带宽，豆科带宽1.2 m，即间作比例为1:1、2:1、3:1。结果表明：盐碱化农田2:1间作模式的混合产草量较其他2种模式高7.95%~30.78%，黑土地2:1较其他2种模式高10.05%~38.09%，品质指标也显著高于其他2种模式。盐碱化农田和黑土地上2:1模式下的土壤过氧化氢酶活性较其他模式分别高5.30%~38.40%和0.62%~24.89%，土壤蔗糖酶活性2:1模式较其他模式分别高0.15%~43.66%和0.23%~22.84%。2:1模式燕麦的土壤脲酶活性高于豆科作物，说明燕麦能较好的利用豆科固定的氮素。总之，不论是盐碱化农田还是黑土地，从混合饲草产量、品质、土壤过氧化氢酶活性、土壤蔗糖酶活性、土壤脲酶活性来看，2:1为较理想的间作模式。

Intercropping Patterns Affecting Soil Enzyme Activities in Saline Land and Chernozem

In recent years, soil degradation was becoming seriously in the farming-pastoral zone in Inner Mongolia, and grain-forage production structure was becoming imbalanced. In order to promote the coordinated development of grain-forage industry and improve the soil properties, oat was intercropped with common vetch and alfalfa in saline land and chernozem. The width of oat was 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 m, and the width of common vetch and alfalfa was 1.2 m, in other words, the intercropping patterns were 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1. The forage yield and quality, and activities of soil catalase, sucrase, urease enzyme were measured. The results showed that forage yield of 2:1 pattern increased by 7.95%-30.78% and 10.05%-38.09% in saline land and chernozem, respectively, and the forage quality of 2:1 pattern was significantly higher than that of other patterns. Soil catalase activity of 2:1 pattern in saline land and chernozem was 5.30%-38.40% and 0.62%-24.89% higher than that of other patterns, and sucrase activity of 2:1 pattern in saline land and chernozem was 0.15%-43.66% and 0.23%-22.84% higher than that of other patterns. The urease activity of 2:1 pattern in oat land was the highest due to the higher using efficiency of nitrogen. In one word, the intercropping pattern of 2:1 is an ideal practice pattern both in saline land and chernozem.