水稻白叶枯病再流行原因分析与防控对策研究

为分析水稻白叶枯病历史演变与流行原因,研讨综合防治技术,对中国1960—2014年和浙江省温州市1971—2015年水稻白叶枯病的发生情况进行调查统计和分析。结果发现20世纪70—90年代初期为该病重发流行阶段,90年代中后期为间歇流行阶段,进入21世纪后病害发生减轻,但近年又趋上升态势。2014、2015年浙江省晚稻白叶枯病发病点多面广,浙江省东南沿海和沿江沿溪部分稻区发病较为严重,造成水稻产量较大损失。对该病在浙江省的发生动态及其影响流行的相关因子解析表明感病品种的种植与抗性退化、台风暴雨频繁、病原菌的累积和栽培管理措施不当是导致近年病害再度上升流行的主因;提出了新的耕作栽培条件下病害的防控对策,集成了一套以监测预警预报、选用抗(耐)病良种为基础,杜绝病菌来源为前提,秧田防治为重点,健身栽培和合理肥水、本田适期施药预防保护的综合防治技术,在生产上示范推广应用,有效控制该病的发生和流行。

Re-epidemic Causes and Control Measures for Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight

To analyze the historical development and causes of rice bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and discuss the corresponding integrated control measures, occurrence conditions of BLB in China from 1960 to 2014 and Wenzhou from 1971 to 2015 were investigated. The results showed that BLB was serious from 1970s to early 1990s, then occurred intermittently in mid and late 1990s. After entering the 21st century, the occurrence of BLB showed a decreasing trend. However, in 2014 and 2015, the extensive and serious occurrence of BLB in east-south coast and river regions caused great rice yield losses in Zhejiang Province. The occurrence dynamics and influencing factor analysis indicated that the increase of BLB could be mainly attributed to the cultivation of susceptible varieties, degeneration of resistance, frequent typhoon storms, accumulation of the pathogen and improper cultivation and management practices. The control countermeasures including improving disease monitoring and warning, choosing resistant variety, controlling the primary infection origins, and the integrated management techniques such as seedling control, reasonable fertilizer and water management, scientific bactericide application in fields were suggested to effectively control the occurrence and prevalence of BLB.