生物降解地膜对烟区土壤温湿度及烤烟产质量的影响

为了减轻烤烟地膜覆盖造成的“白色污染”和揭膜用工问题，通过大田对比试验，进一步探索和验证生物降解地膜和PE地膜对植烟土壤温湿度及烤烟产质量的影响效果。结果表明：在烟田垄体保温、增温效果上，生物降解地膜覆盖具有PE地膜同等的作用效果，能有效促进烤烟生长和烟叶品质的改善，尤其是烤烟大田生长中后期，生物降解地膜能够起到保湿作用，有利于烤烟上部烟叶充分成熟，生物降解地膜覆盖的各处理烤后烟叶外观质量和经济性状均优于对照；生物降解地膜每公顷比对照节约用工60个，纯收入增加5732.25~7431.75元/hm²。综合3种生物降解地膜类型来看，T3（90天开始降解的生物降解地膜）处理在烤烟产量、产值、均价、纯收入等方面是最高的，且烤后烟叶外观质量优于对照，是适合永州烟区的生物降解地膜类型。

Effects of Biodegradable Mulch Film on Soil Temperature and Moisture andYield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

To reduce the “white pollution” and the labor cost for removing membrane caused by plastic film mulching in tobacco fields, a field contrast experiment was conducted to study the effect of biodegradable mulch film and PE film on soil temperature and humidity and tobacco production and quality. The results showed that the biodegradable mulch film and PE film had the same effect on heat preservation and warming in tobacco ridge, which could improve flue-cured tobacco growth and quality of tobacco leaf, especially the biodegradable film could preserve humidity in the middle-later period of tobacco field growth, which was benefit to the full maturity of upper leaves. The appearance quality and economic characters of the baking tobacco under biodegradable film treatment were better than that of control. Compared with control, the biodegradable film treatment saved 60 labor/hm², and the income increased by 5732.25-7431.75 yuan/hm². Comprehensively considering the three types of biodegradable mulch films, the treatment of T3 (started to degradation after 90 d) had the best economic characters such as tobacco yield, production value, average price, net income, and the appearance quality was better than that of control. The biodegradable mulch film of T3 is suitable for Yongzhou tobacco growing areas.