四川冕宁县新植烟区土壤养分特征及施肥对策

为明确四川冕宁县新植烟区土壤养分状况并合理指导施肥，2013 年和2014 年采集冕宁县后山乡、回龙镇、哈哈乡和回坪乡4 个新植烟区耕层(0~20 cm)土壤样品186 个，对植烟土壤养分状况进行了评价。结果表明：冕宁县新植烟区土壤平均pH 6.26，总体处于适宜范围；土壤有机质、有效磷、交换性钙和交换性镁总体处于适宜或丰富水平，但变异系数较大，仍有15.15%的土壤有机质缺乏，24.74%的土壤有效磷不足，约有15.00%的土壤交换性钙和镁偏低；土壤碱解氮和速效钾属于缺乏或极缺乏水平，有68.50%的土壤碱解氮缺乏，土壤速效钾属于缺乏和极缺乏分别占36.01%和54.28%。烟叶生产过程中，应根据各乡镇土壤养分含量的具体情况，进行科学施肥。

Soil Nutrient Status and Fertilization Countermeasures in Tobacco-planting Areas of Mianning, Sichuan Province

In order to investigate the soil nutrient status and ensure rational fertilization in tobacco planting areas in Miannign country, Sichuan province. 186 soil samples of topsoil layers (0~20 cm) in new tobacco growing areas were collected from four townships of Houshan, Huilong, Haha and Huiping. Some selective nutrient of pH, soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium and magnesium were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the average pH value in new tobacco planting areas of Mianning county was 6.26, which was at an appropriate level as a whole．The contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and magnesium were generally at a suitable or higher level．However, the coefficients of variation were very big. 15.15% of soils were deficient in soil organic matter, 24.74% of soils were deficient in available phosphorus, and about 15.00% of soils were deficient in exchangeable calcium and magnesium．Soil available nitrogen and potassium were relatively deficient,68.50% of soil samples was of available nitrogen deficiency, and 90.39% of soil samples was of available potassium deficiency. Therefore, it was suggested that fertilization management should be based on the particular situation of soil nutrient in order to sustain soil development and improve quality of flue-cured tobacco.