印楝油微胶囊的制备与生物活性研究

以异氰酸酯、聚乙烯醇、丙三醇等为壁材，利用聚合方法制备了印楝油微胶囊．探讨了反应条件对制备印楝油微胶囊的影响，并利用正交试验确定了最佳试验条件．结果表明，质量分数分别为15％的聚乙烯醇（polyvinyl alcohol，PVA）溶液、20％甲苯-2，4-二异氰酸酯（toluene-2，4-diiso-cyanate，TDI）、65％印楝油（neemoil）混合为最佳配比，此时具有73．29％的包埋率．以黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata成虫作试虫的生物活性测试显示，与直接使用印楝油相比，在一定时间里，微胶囊化后的印楝油更能减少黄曲条跳甲成虫的落虫量、产卵量和成虫的取食面积．其中，对成虫落虫量和产卵量的减少可持续4d，对成虫取食面积的减少可至少持续6d、微胶囊有效地保持了生物活性，延长了药效作用时间，减少了对环境的污染．

Preparation of Neem Oil Microcapsule and Its Bioactivity

The polymeric neem oil microcapsule by using toluene-2,4-diiso-cyanate(TDI),polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),glycerol as wall material was produced.The influence factor on the microcapsule reaction was investigated by using the orthogonal experimental design.The optimal conditions of preparing stable solid microcapsule were obtained.The result indicated that the excellent factors were w=15% of PVA,(w=20%) of TDI and w=65% of neem oil.The performance of neem oil microcapsule was analysed preliminarily.The covered effect was tested by assay.This microcapsule had high oil content of 73.29%.Compared with neem oil,the number of larvae and eggs of Phyllotreta striolata and the feeding area were decreased comparatively after treating with neem oil microcapsule.