气温变化对甘肃陇东黄土高原果树开花的影响

利用陇东黄土高原1984~2006年木本植物物候观测资料及种植试验期间的逐日气温资料,依据积温法分析了冬季平均气温、<0℃的负积温对果树开花的影响。结果表明:冬季平均气温与芽开放—开花盛期≥0℃的积温存在着比较显著的线形关系,冬季气温每升高1℃,芽开放—开花盛期所需≥0℃的积温增加6~8℃.d,冬季<0℃的负积温与芽开放—开花盛期所需≥15℃的活动积温呈二次曲线关系。虽然冬季气温升高,使芽开放—开花盛期发育所需的积温增加,但是,春季气温的较大幅度升高,补偿了这个时段发育热量的需要,发育日期非但未推后,而且有所提前,增加了果树春季开花受冻的危险,给林果业生产带来不确定因素。

Influence of Climate Changes on the Flowering of Fruit Trees in Loess Plateau of East Gansu

Based on the data of orchard fruit phenology and the data of every day temperature at loess plateau of eastern Gansu from 1984 to 2006,the influences of winter temperature and negative accumulated temperature on the date of fruit tree flowering were analyzed with the thermal time model.Results indicated that there was comparatively line relation between winter temperature and accumulated temperature(≥0 ℃) during the period of budburst to flowering,in which the winter temperature increased by 1 ℃with the accumulated temperature(≥0 ℃) needed 6-8 ℃·d.The results also showed that there was a quadratic curve relation in negative accumulated temperature(<0 ℃) and accumulated temperature(≥15 ℃) during the period of budburst and flowering.Though winter warming made the growth period of budburst to flowering required more accumulated temperature,this had compensated by temperature rising in spring,and the date of flowering stage shifted to earlier time in recent years,which brought more risk and uncertain factors to forest fruit industry.