棉花不同群体冠层特征的映像分析

棉田群体冠层特征对于研究棉花光合作用、蒸散作用等和创建棉花理想的高产株型模式非常重要。利用冠层映像分析方法研究棉花的冠层结构方法新、速度快、准确性高，可以同时测定叶面积指数ＬＡＩ、平均叶角度ＭＦＩＡ、透射系数ＴＣ及不同高度角和方位角范围内的消光系数和叶面积分布等。通过对不同遗传型棉花品种、麦棉两熟不同的配置方式和不同打顶时间对棉花群体冠层结构特征影响的研究表明，（１）中早熟棉花新品种（系）９４０９叶面积大，平均叶角度和透射系数均较适中，群体冠层结构较为理想。中棉所１２、１７、１９的叶面积指数、平均叶角度和透射系数也比较协调，有利于构建高产群体模式。（２）小３－２式和４－２式麦棉套种配置方式均可达到适当的ＬＡＩ，但４－２式应注意加强株型控制，以便促进棉花在纵横方向上的均匀生长。（３）打顶时间过早或过晚均不利于建成理想的群体冠层，７月中下旬打顶较好。另外本文还探索研究了应用该映像分析方法的操作技术和使用方法、范围等。

The Canopy Factor Image Analysis on Different Cotton Masses

The factor of cotton canopy is very important for researches on cotton photosynthesis and evapotranspiration and creation of cotton high yield plant type. Using method of canopy image analysis to research cotton canopy structure is a new technology. It has fast measuring speed and high accuracy. It can measure a lot of canopy structure index such as LAI, MFIA(mean foliage inclination angle), TC(Transmission Coefficient for Diffuse Radiation), LD(leaf Distribution) in each azimuthal division, K(Extinction coefficient) in each zenith division and so on. The results of measurements of canopy structure factors on different cotton varieties , different intercropping pattern and different cut-out time show that (1) mid -early maturity cotton line 9409 has the biggest LAI, also the MFIA and TC are suitable. It has a better canopy structure. CRI12,CRI17 and CRI19 also have relatively concordance among LAI, MFIA and TC. It is good for creation of cotton high yield mass structure. (2) 3-2 (1.2m) and 4-2(1.4m) intercropping pattern both can research suitable LAI level, but for 4-2 pattern should be paid attention to strength field management to promot cotton balanced growth on horizontal and vertical directions. (3) cut-out over time or too earlier both have negative effect on creation of ideal cotton canopy structure. Cut-out on middle and later July is better. In addition, this paper also takes some researches on how to use this canopy image technology better.