夹竹桃提取物对蚯蚓的毒害作用

[目的]探究夹竹桃不同部位提取物对赤子爱胜蚯蚓的毒性效应。[方法]采用索式提取法制备夹竹桃乙醇提取物,配制不同浓度提取物溶液通过不同方式处理蚯蚓,进行蚯蚓中毒反应及死亡率研究。[结果]夹竹桃的茎皮和叶乙醇提取物对蚯蚓具有毒害作用,新鲜茎皮的毒力较叶强,干燥后毒力减弱。鲜茎皮乙醇提取物浓度≤2.0 mg/m L时,蚯蚓的死亡率较低,可正常生活。[结论]夹竹桃对蚯蚓的毒害作用主要集中在茎皮中,制作植物源农药时可以优先选用。茎皮提取物浓度为1.0~2.0 mg/m L可起到杀虫的效果。

The Toxicity Effects of Extracts of Nerium indicum Mill on Eisenia fetida

[Objective]To study the toxicity effects of extracts of Nerium indicum Mill on earthworm Eisenia fetida.[Methods]Crude ethanol extract of different organs in Nerium indicum by the method of soxhlet extraction was used to study symptoms of poisoning and death situation for Eisenia fetida.[Result] Ethanol extracts of bark and leaves of Nerium indicum have toxic effects on Eisenia fetida.The toxity of fresh bark was stronger than that of leaves, with less toxity when it was dried.Chart draws that when concentration of the fresh bark's ethanol extract was no higher than 2.0 mg/mL, death situation of Eisenia fetida was low and it can live a normal life.[Conclusion] The poisoning effects of Nerium indicum on Eisenia fetida mainly concentrates in the bark.So it was preferred in terms of the production of botanical pesticides.The extracts concentration of the bark which met the state requirements for production of pesticides was 1.0-2.0 mg/mL.