向日葵覆膜保墒栽培技术效益研究

目的]研究雨养区农业生产中，实现田间雨水的集流和富集叠加利用，提高降雨利用率和保墒率的栽培技术。方法】在旱地食用向日葵覆膜保墒栽培中，不同时期采用6种覆膜方式，比较出综合效益最佳的覆膜技术。结果]与常规的播期半膜技术相比，秋季全膜覆盖技术使降雨利用率提高22．13％，水分生产效率提高20．25kg／mm·hm^2，土壤1m内平均含水量提高8．4％，整个生育期1m内土壤贮水量增加143．61m^3，土壤0～25cm平均温度提高1～2℃。结论]秋季全膜覆盖可以较好的解决土壤水分无效蒸发的问题，有效地改善土壤水分及温度条件，对旱作食用向日葵的栽培可起到良好的增产作用。

Effects of Soil Water Conservation with Film Mulching Cultivation Technique in Upland Edible Sunflower

Objective] The paper was to study superimposed utilization of rainwater in fields in rainwater-keeping agriculture production, so as to increase use efficiency and moisture rate of rainwater. Method] Six different mulching methods were adopted during different periods in double ridge mulching for rainwater collection and furrow sowing cultivation in upland edible sunflower, so as to get the mulching technique with the best integrated effectiveness. Result] Compared with conventional semi-mulching technique during sowing period, the use efficiency of rainwater was increased by 22.13% in autumn whole mulching technique; water production rate was increased by 20.25 kg/ （mm·hm^2） and average moisture content within soil depth of 1 m was increased by 8.4%; the water storage within soil depth of 1 m throughout the whole growth period was increased by 143.61 m^3; the average temperature in the soil depth of 0-25 cm was increased by 1-2℃. Conclusion] The technology could basically solve unefficient evaporation of soil moisture and effectively improve soil moisture and temperature condition, playing a decisive role in yield increased of upland edible sunflower.