马铃薯不同地膜与不同覆盖方式产量效应研究

开展了不同地膜和不同覆盖方式马铃薯产量效应研究，结果表明：旱地栽培马铃薯覆膜以秋季黑色全膜沟播抗旱保苗效果最好，出苗率最高，为98％；秋覆黑色全膜与对照相比，出苗期0～60cm土壤水分含量高7．4％，降水利用率高9．8％，水分生产效率高18．0kg／（mm·hm^2），有利于马铃薯出苗，提高了抗旱能力。从不同覆膜方式看，抗旱节水增产的顺序是：秋季全膜〉早春全膜〉秋季半膜〉播期全膜〉早春半膜〉播期半膜〉露地。以秋季黑色全膜产量最高，单产18811．5kg／hm^2．比对照增产55．19％；其次为秋季白全膜，单产17409．96kg／hm2，比对照增产43．63％；产量最低的为播期白半膜，单产13394．1kg／hm^2，比对照增产10．5％。从产值和纯收入来看，马铃薯覆盖黑色地膜的产值和收入明显高于白色膜，全膜覆盖高于半膜覆盖。秋季黑色全膜还和白色全膜别较露地增加纯收入15893．29元／hm^2和12249．17元／hm^2，增产增收效果显著。建议在马铃薯覆膜栽培上，重点选用黑色地膜覆盖，促进马铃薯增产增收。

A Study of Effect of Dlfferent Film and Different Covering Methods on Yield of Potato

A study of the effect of different film and different covering methods on the yield of potato was made. The result showed that for the dryland film-mulching potato, the effect of the black film whole-mulching furrow sowing in autumn on drought resistance and seedling protection was best and the rate of emergence was the highest reaching 98%. Compared with the control, with the black film whole-mulching in autumn the moisture content of 0-60 cm soil during the period of emergence was 7.4% higher, the utilization rate of rainfall was 9.8% higher and the water production efficiency was 18.0 kg/（mm·hm^2）higher. It was beneficial to the emergence of the potato and the upgrading of the drought resistance capability. As for different film-mulching methods, the sequence of their effects on the drought resistance, water-saving and yield in- creasing was the whole-mulching in autumn 〉the whole-mulching in early spring 〉half-mulching in autumn 〉 whole-mulching during the date of seeding〉half-mulching in early spring〉half-mulching during the date of seeding〉open field. The yield with the black film whole-mulching in autumn was the highest, 17 409.96 kg/hm^2, 43.63% higher compared with that of the control. The yield with the white film half-mulching during the date of seeding was lowest, 13 394.1 kg/hm^2, 10.5% higher than that of the control. The product value and net income of the potato covered with black film was higher significantly than those of the potato covered white film and those with whole-mulching was higher than those with half-mulching. The net incomes of the black film whole-mulching in autumn and the white film whole-mulching in autumn were 15 893.29 yuan/hm^2 and 12 249.17 yuan/hm^2 higher than that of the open field and the effects on yield and income increasing were significant. It is suggested that black film should be used in film-mulching cultivation of potato to promote yield increasing and income increasing.