Effects of cover crops,compost, and manure amendments on soil microbial community structure in tomato production systems |
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| Institution: | 1. USDA, ARS, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States;2. USDA, ARS, Biometrical Consulting Services, Beltsville, MD, United States;3. USDA, ARS, Animal Manure and By-Products Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States;1. IRD, UMR 242 iEES Paris, 32 Avenue Henri Varagnat, 93143, Bondy, France;2. Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Centre de recherche et de développement de Québec, 2560 Boul. Hochelaga, Québec, G1 V 2J3, Canada;3. UMR SAS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS OUEST 35000 Rennes, France;4. Université Rennes 1, UMR CNRS ECOBIO, OSUR, Station Biologique, 35380 Paimpont, France;5. Chambres d’agriculture de Bretagne, Service Agronomie-Productions Végétales, avenue du Général Borgnis Desbordes, BP 398, 56009 Vannes Cedex, France;1. University of Maribor, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute for Organic Farming, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia;2. Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro per lo studio delle relazioni tra pianta e suolo, Via della Navicella, 2, 00184 Roma, Italy;3. Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark;1. College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha 410128, China;2. National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China;1. USDA-ARS, Central Great Plains Research Station, Akron CO 80720 (USA);2. USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Unit, Lubbock TX 79415 (USA);3. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman WA 99164-6420 (USA);1. Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;2. Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA |
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| Abstract: | Soil microbial community structure and crop yield was investigated in field tomato production systems that compared black polyethylene mulch to hairy vetch mulch and inorganic N to organic N. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) hairy vetch cover cropping increases crop yield and significantly affects soil microbial community structure when compared to the standard plastic mulch and synthetic fertilizer-based system; (2) within plastic mulch systems, organic amendments will increase crop yield and significantly affect soil microbial community structure when compared to synthetic fertilizer; (3) crop yields and microbial community structure will be similar in the hairy vetch cover cropping and the organic amended plasticulture systems. Treatments consisted of ammonium nitrate (control), hairy vetch cover crop, hairy vetch cover crop and poultry manure compost (10 Mg/ha), three levels of poultry manure compost (5, 10, and 20 Mg/ha), and two levels of poultry manure (2.5 and 5 Mg/ha). Black polyethylene mulch was used in all treatments without hairy vetch. Fatty acid analysis was used to characterize the total soil microbial community structure, while two substrate utilization assays were used to investigate the community structure of culturable bacteria and fungi. Crop yield was not significantly increased by hairy vetch cover cropping when compared to black polyethylene mulch, although microbial community structure was significantly affected by cover cropping. Under black polyethylene mulch, crop yields were significantly increased by the highest levels of compost and manure when compared to inorganic fertilizer, but there was no detectable effect on soil microbial community structure. When cover cropping was compared to organic amended plasticulture systems, crop yields were similar one year but dissimilar the next. However, hairy vetch cover cropping and organic amendments under black plastic mulch produced significantly different soil microbial community structure. |
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