野生稻种质在高大韧稻选育中的应用与展望

[目的]概述野生稻种质在水稻育种上的应用。[方法]在提出高大韧稻的育种理论和发展阶段的基础上,回顾了野生稻种质资源在水稻育种上的应用,重点阐述了1980~1997年高大韧课题组直接利用优异野生稻种质进行高大韧稻育种的主要研究成果。[结果]利用野生稻选育高大韧稻,首次成功向恢复系大规模地导入野生稻细胞核基因,获得野栽型强优恢复系。共获得测25、测253、测781、测258、测1012等5个优良恢复系,育成17个杂交水稻新组合,其中博优253为国家审定品种。将野生稻细胞核基因通过远缘杂交引入恢复系,拓宽恢复系遗传背景。选育遗传背景特异的优良恢复系是新恢复系选育的有效途径。[结论]高大韧稻育种是今后水稻育种的重要方向。

Application of Wild Rice Germplasm in the Breeding of Higher,Thicker and Tougher Rice and Its Prospect

[Objective] The research aimed to summarize the application of wild rice germplasm in the breeding of rice.[Method] Based on putting forward the breeding theory and developmental stages of higher,thicker and tougher rice,the applications of wild rice germplasm resources in rice breeding were reviewed.The main research results of directly using excellent wild rice germplasm to breed the higher,thicker and tougher rice by "Higher,thicker and tougher " subject group in 1980～1997 were emphatically expounded.[Result] Though breeding higher,thicker and tougher rice with wild rice,the mass nuclear genes of wild rice were successfully introduced into restorer line for the first time and wild-cultivated superior restorer line were obtained.Five excellent restorer lines including Ce 25,Ce 253,Ce 781,Ce 258 and Ce 1012 were obtained and 17 new hybrid rice combinations were bred,among which Boyou 253 was national approved variety.Introducing nuclear genes of wild rice into restorer line through distant hybridization widened the genetic background of restorer lines. Breeding the excellent restorer lines with specific genetic background was an effective approach of breeding new restorer lines.[Conclusion] The breeding of higher,thicker and tougher rice was an important direction of rice breeding in future.