黄芩田茎叶处理除草剂筛选试验研究

[研究背景] 黄芩是我国重要中药材,人工种植模式下杂草防除困难,且目前没有登记的专用除草剂。[目的]筛选出适用于黄芩田防除一年生杂草的除草剂品种或组合。[方法]通过调查黄芩田杂草种类、数量,并针对主要杂草,从13种有代表性的茎叶处理除草剂中筛选出对黄芩安全性好的品种进行防效试验,确定除草效果及用量。[结果]60g/L烟嘧磺隆OD 750ml/hm₂^、12%砜嘧磺隆OD 120ml/hm₂^、187.5ml/hm₂^以及10.8%精喹禾灵EW 450ml/hm₂^、675ml/hm₂^、1350ml/hm₂^、108g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC 375ml/hm₂^、450ml/hm₂^、900ml/hm₂^{等处理对黄芩安全},鲜重抑制率-1.35%--17.96%；480g/L灭草松AS等其它药剂、处理的黄芩植株全部或多数枯死、植株弱小发黄,对黄芩不安全。12%砜嘧磺隆OD 120ml/hm₂^、187.5ml/hm₂^、240ml/hm₂^、375ml/hm₂^处理药后30天对黄芩田一年生阔叶杂草的总体株防效为84.08%-90.55%,鲜重防效为89.30%-95.38%;对一年生禾本科杂草的总体株防效为54.90%-73.20%,鲜重防效为60.16%-78.52%。10.8%精喹禾灵EW 450ml/hm₂^、675ml/hm₂^{处理对黄芩田一年生禾本科杂草的株防效为}90.20%-95.42%,鲜重防效为93.19%-97.00。108g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC 375ml/hm₂^、450ml/hm₂^{处理对黄芩田一年生禾本科杂草的株防效为}95.42%-99.35%,鲜重防效为97.23%-99.54%。[结论]可以使用12%砜嘧磺隆OD 120-187.5ml/hm₂^{防除黄芩田以反枝苋、马齿苋、牛筋草等为主的一年生杂草},对黄芩安全。禾本科杂草群体较大时,加入10.8%精喹禾灵EW 450-675ml/hm₂^或108g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC 375-450ml/hm₂^,以增加对禾本科杂草的防效。

Study on Herbicide Screening for Stem and Leaf Treatment in Scutellaria baicalensis field

[Background] Scutellaria baicalensis is an important Chinese medicinal material. It is difficult to control weeds under artificial cultivation, and there is no registered special herbicide. [Objective]In order to screen the herbicide varieties or combinations suitable for controlling annual weeds in Scutellaria baicalensis field.[Methods] By investigating the species and quantity of weeds in Scutellaria baicalensis field, 13 representative herbicides for stem and leaf treatment were selected to carry out the control effect test in order to determine weed control effect and dosage.[Results]60g/L Nimosulfuron OD 750ml/hm₂^{, 12% Rimsulfuron OD 120ml/hm}₂^{, 187.5ml/hm}₂ ^{and 10.8% Proquinoline EW 450ml/hm}₂^{, 675ml/hm}₂^{, 1350ml/hm₂}, 108g/L high-efficiency fluropyriphenoline EC 375ml/hm₂^{, 450ml/hm2 and 900ml/hm2 were safe for} Scutellaria baicalensis, and the fresh weight inhibition rate was -1.35%--17.96%. All or most of the Scutellaria baicalensis plants treated with 480g/L and other agents died and the plants were weak and yellow, which was not safe for Scutellaria baicalensis. The total plant control effect of 12% Rimsulfuron OD 120ml/hm₂^{, 187.5ml/hm}₂^{, 240ml/hm}₂ ^{and 375ml/hm}₂ ^{on annual broad-leaved weeds in} Scutellaria baicalensis was 84.08%-90.55%, and the fresh weight control effect was 89.30%-95.38%. The total plant control efficiency on annual grass weeds was 54.90%-73.20%, and the fresh weight control efficiency was 60.16%-78.52%.The plant control efficiency of 10.8% quizalofop-p-ethyl EW 450ml/hm₂ ^{and 675ml/hm₂} were 90.20%-95.42%, and the fresh weight control efficiency was 93.19%-97.00.The plant control efficiency of 108g/L haloxyfop-R-methyl EC 375ml/hm₂ ^{and 450ml/hm}₂ ^{on annual grass weeds in} Scutellaria baicalensis was 95.42%-99.35%, and the fresh weight control efficiency was 97.23%-99.54%.[Conclusion] It is safe to use 12% Rimsulfuron OD 120-187.5ml/hm₂ ^{to control annual weeds such as} Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea and Eleusine indica. When the grass weed population was large,10.8% quizalofop-p-ethyl EW 450-675ml/hm^₂ or 108g/L haloxyfop-R-methyl EC 375-450ml/hm^₂ were added to increase the control effect on grass weeds.