Arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae in grassland select for a diverse and abundant hyphospheric bacterial community involved in sulfonate desulfurization |
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Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;2. Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China |
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Abstract: | Hyphae of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi extend into the soil, affecting the hyphosphere and interact with beneficial soil bacteria. This study aimed to elucidate differences in hyphosphere, hyphoplane and bulk soil bacterial communities and their role in mobilization of sulfonate-sulfur. Abundances of cultivable hyphosphere and hyphoplane bacteria were significantly increased over bulk soil. Cultivation independent fingerprinting revealed significantly different community structures of both hyphosphere and hyphoplane bacteria, fungi and AM fungi over bulk soil. However, cultivation dependent and independent analysis did not identify a difference between bacterial hyphoplane and hyphosphere (hyphospheric) communities. Isolated bacteria capable of aromatic sulfonate desulfurization were almost exclusively of hyphospheric origin. Members of the hyphospheric Gammaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria were found to possess marker gene asfA for aromatic sulfonate desulfurization and hrcR for attachment to fungal hyphae with a type III secretion system, that were not detected in bulk soil. These findings suggest that AM hyphae host a distinct population of sulfonate desulfurizing bacteria putatively capable of hyphal attachment with potential to increase plant sulfur supply. |
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Keywords: | Arbuscular mycorrhiza Bacterial community Hyphosphere Sulfur mobilization |
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