青花椒良种“鲁青1号”的选育及栽培技术

【目的】选育丰产、稳产、质优、适应性和抗逆性强的青花椒品种,为昭通市青花椒产业发展提供优良种源和技术支撑。【方法】在鲁甸县青花椒人工种植林中选出优良青花椒单株进行区域试验、扩繁和生产试验,选育出“鲁青1号”优良品种;通过与本地青花椒比较,评价“鲁青1号”的产量性状和品质。【结果】“鲁青1号”具有果大、质优、丰产及稳产等特性,其果实呈绿色,成熟后呈紫红色;果穗塔型,紧凑,平均单株产量鲜果12 kg,10年以上20 kg;平均穗粒80粒,鲜果千粒重90 g。果皮挥发油含量0.0969 mL·g^-1,水分含量11.9%。【结论】“鲁青1号”具有生长旺盛、适应性和抗逆性强、果大、色泽鲜亮、丰产等特点,适宜在昭通市干热河谷地区推广种植。

Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Variety Luqing 1

【Objective】To select and breed high-yield,stable-yield,high-quality,adaptable and stress-resistant varieties of Zanthoxylum schinifolium,so as to provide excellent provenances and technical support for the development of Zanthoxylum schinifolium industry in Zhaotong City.【Method】A single plant of Zanthoxylum schinifolium was selected from the artificial plantation forest of Ludian County for regional test,propagation and production test,and a good variety Luqing 1 was bred.The yield traits and quality of Luqing 1 were evaluated by comparing with local Zanthoxylum schinifolium.【Result】Luqing 1 has the characteristics of large fruit,high quality,high yield and stable yield.Its fruit is green and purple-red after ripening.Its ear is tower-shaped,compact,and average yield per plant is 12 kg,20 kg(more than 10 years);average grain per ear is 80 grains,and 1000-grain weight is 90 g.The volatile oil content in peel was 0.0969 mL·g^-1 and the moisture content was 11.9%.【Conclusion】Luqing 1 has the characteristics of vigorous growth,strong adaptability and stress resistance,bright fruit color and high yield,which is suitable for popularization and planting in dry-hot valley of Zhaotong City.