坝上高寒区城市园林植物应用现状与分析

以河北省坝上地区的张北、尚义、沽源、康保四县城市园林为研究对象,通过分区样方调查、市民意愿访问及对比国家标准等方式,分析了区域园林植物应用种类、结构配置、层次和季相分布,以及非绿期植被等景观生态效果。结果表明,坝上城市园林植物应用种类少,受偏好造林及疏于管护影响,以旱柳、垂榆、白榆、小叶杨等乡土树种为主的乔木类应用普遍,花灌木和地被植物配植比例偏低,形成以乔木为主的寡层片园林景现。坝上道路、企事业单位的绿化效果接近国家最低标准,居民区显著低于国家标准。区域绿期植被简单、花季短促,非绿期植被覆盖度大幅下降,直接影响了固土减尘、保护环境的生态效果。基于高寒干旱生境特征,区域多年生地被植物的引用成为丰富园林景观结构、展宽花季、提高冬春季节地面覆盖度的关键。

Application Situation and Analysis of Urban Landscape Plants in Cold Bashang Plateau

An investigation experiment was conducted to study the landscape plant application type, structure arrangement, the level, the seasonal aspect distribution and ecological effect with the methods of sample area investigation, citizens demand analysis in Zhangbei, Guyuan, Shangyi, Kangbao which were regarded as representative counties in cold Bashang plateau. The results showed that there were few types of landscape plants to be planted, and due to forestation preference and negligent conservation, native trees such as Salix, Ulmus, Arbors, Simon Poplar have been widely applied, but the shrubs and ground cover plants occupied low percentage among all the landscape plants, so the garden landscape was characterized as single - layer arbor. In the cold region in north China, the garden situation by the side of roads and in the yard of enterprises measured up to the national lowest standard, and in the populated country was lower than the national standard. The simple structure, short flowering duration of garden vegetation, and low coverage in winter and spring directly decreased the ecological effect for fixing soil. Base on the cold and arid climate, how to successfully transplant perennial cover plants had become the key measure to improve vegetation structure, prolong flowering duration, and increase the soil surface coverage.