Effects of specific <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rht</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ppd</Emphasis> alleles on agronomic traits in winter wheat cultivars grown in middle Europe |
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Authors: | Václav ?íp Jana Chrpová Al?běta ?ofajová Kate?ina Pánková Martin U?ík John W Snape |
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Institution: | (1) Crop Research Institute, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic;(2) Research Institute of Plant Production, 921 68 Piešt’any, Slovak Republic;(3) John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK; |
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Abstract: | Based on studies of the distribution of alleles at the important Rht and Ppd loci on wheat chromosomes 4B, 4D and 2D, different groups of winter wheat cultivars registered in the Czech and Slovak Republics
during the period 1976–2007 were examined for a range of agronomic traits using official data from multi-location trials.
Significant variation for all traits was detected among and between genotype groups. The frequent introduction of ‘Rht-D1b’ cultivars from the UK and Western Europe to the Czech Republic since 1995 has positively influenced lodging resistance and
undoubtedly also yielding ability, but negatively affected winter-hardiness and bread making quality. An improved opportunity
for earlier flowering cultivars with high winter-hardiness levels, in combination with high bread-making quality, can be obtained
with genotypes carrying the Xgwm261 allele 192-bp that is probably indicative of the presence of Rht8. While GA insensitive Rht genes caused approximately a 10 cm reduction of plant height, the 192-bp allele at Xgwm261 was not associated, in these conditions, with a significant reduction in plant height when compared to Xgwm261 alleles 165- and 174-bp. Likewise, the photoperiod insensitive allele Ppd-D1a did not have a significant effect on plant height and it had not adversely affected other characters. Later heading genotypes
carrying Xgwm261 alleles174- and 165-bp, often in combination with Ppd-D1b, could probably guarantee broader adaptability, which is highly desirable for changeable weather conditions. While the presence
of the 192-bp allele was clearly associated with suitability for cultivation in the warmer maize growing regions, this was
not so obvious for Ppd-D1a, particularly when combined with the 174-bp allele. GA responsive genes did not, apparently, influence adaptability to the
different growing conditions. These studies reveal that there were both shortcomings and benefits attributable to the use
of germplasm from different origins when introducing Rht and Ppd alleles. These results should be helpful to breeders in optimizing the choice of parents for crossing, and selection strategy
in these target environments. |
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