雄配子体选择的遗传分化效应及其在植物改良中的应用

在植物世代交替的生活史中,配子体是产生配子和具有单倍数染色体的植物体,并且有自己的遗传表达信息。在配子产生的过程中以及配子结合之前,适者生存的法则对配子发挥着选择作用,只有最适应外界环境条件的配子才能通过竞争性受精并产生合子。雄配子体选择是影响植物遗传分化、演变和遗传多样性的重要因素,被认为是生物进化的有力动力。此外,由于植物基因组中约有2/3的基因表达交错发生在配子体阶段和孢子体阶段,因此雄配子体选择的结果会影响到下一代孢子体的表现型。在育种实践中,利用雄配子体选择对植物进行遗传改良,具有提高选择机率和缩短育种年限等优点。本文主要概述雄配子体选择与孢子体表型的关系、遗传分化效应及其在植物遗传改良中的应用,以期为雄配子选择相关研究提供参考

Genetic Effect of Male Gametophytic Selection and its Application in Plant Genetic Improvement

In plants and algae that undergo alternation of generations, a gametophyte is the multicellular structure, or phase, that is haploid, containing a single set of chromosomes, and has its own information on genetic expression. The law of survival of the fittest play a selective action during the formation stage of gamete and before its gametogamy, then only the most adaptable gamete can through fecundatin to emerge zygocyte in external environmental condition. Male gametophytic selection is known as a powerful motivation in biological evolution, and is also considered as an important factor that influences genetic differentiation, variation and genetic diversity in plant. In addition, the results of male gametophytic selection would be effect the phenotype of offspring in sporo- phyte due to about two-thirds of gene expression proceed during the growth stage of gametophyte and sporophyte. In breeding practice, male gametophytic selection as a plant genetic improvement tool with many advantages such as can be shorten the breeding time limit and raise the selection efficiency. In this paper, we overviewed the relationship between male gametophytic selection and phenotype of its sporophyte, genetic differentiation and its application in plant genetic improvement, so it would be provided reference information for correlated research of male gametophytic selection.