《民法典》实施背景下生态环境损害赔偿诉讼定位研究

《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》所构建的生态环境损害赔偿诉讼乃是以国家所有权为请求权基础的私益诉讼。省级、市地级政府基于《改革方案》以国家所有权为请求权依据提起私益诉讼在法理上存在障碍,只能作为生态环境损害赔偿救济的权宜之计。《民法典》生效后,《改革方案》已完成其历史使命,不宜再作为提起生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的规范依据。生态环境损害赔偿诉讼究其本质乃为维护公益而展开的公益诉讼。《民法典》将作为特殊公益诉讼的生态环境损害赔偿诉讼之起诉主体由法律规定的机关扩大至国家规定的机关,体现了绿色原则。《民法典》为《民事诉讼法》第55条规定生态环境损害赔偿公益诉讼提供了实体法依据,实现了该畛域实体法与程序法的有机结合。

Research on the ecological environment damage compensation litigation under the background of the implementation of Civil Code

The ecological environment damage compensation litigation constructed in the Ecological Environmental Damage Compensation System Reform Plan is a private interest litigation based on state ownership.There are legal obstacles for the provincial,municipal and prefectural governments to file private interest litigation based on the Reform Plan on the basis of state ownership,and it can only be used as an expedient measure to relieve ecological damage.After the Civil Code came into effect,the Reform Plan has completed its historical mission and it cannot be used as a normative basis to file the ecological environment damage compensation litigation.The nature of the ecological environment damage compensation litigation is a public interest litigation launched to protect the public welfare.The Civil Code expands the main body of filing ecological damage compensation litigation as a special public interest litigation from agencies prescribed by law to agencies prescribed by the state,reflecting the green principle.The implementation of the Civil Code provides a substantive legal basis for the ecological environment damage compensation public interest litigation stipulated in Article 55 of the Civil Procedure Law,and it has realized the organic integration of the substantive law and the procedure law in this domain.