江淮流域白浆化土壤的矿物组成与化学特性的研究

对采自江淮流域的7个典型白浆化工土壤剖面不同粒级的矿物特性与化学组成进行了研究。结果表明：该区域白浆化土壤的质地为粉砂质壤土及粘壤土，粉粒含量为45%～76%。粘粒矿物以水云母为主，含量为60%～80%，继承了黄土母质的特性，土体硅铝率（Sa)与硅铁铝率（Saf）分别为7.70～14.05与6.43～10.24，而粘粒的分别为3.53～4.22和2.40～3.35。各剖面土体Sa与Saf以表层较高或最高，有明显富硅现象；而粘粒的Sa和Saf及矿物组成，颗粒组成的层次差异则表现出母质层次上的不连续性，白土层与粘化层的显著分异是由于全新世黄土性沉积物，经过冲积淤积交替更迭，加上后期淋溶淀积而成；脱硅、脱盐基和富铝化及氧化还原淋溶淀积是其重要成土过程，后一过程不同的利用方式，强度有所差别，以水稻土较强。

MINERAL COMPOSITION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ALBIC SOILS IN JIANGHUAI DRAINAGE BASIN

Minerological composition and chemical characteristics of albic soil in seven typical profiles all over the Jianghuai drainage basin were analyzed.The result showed that the albic soils in this region are silty loam or silty clay loam with a silt percentage of 45%~76%.Having inherited the characteristics of the loess, the main constituent of the clay is Hydromica, accounting 60%~80%.Sa and Saf of the soil are 7.70~14.65 and 6.43~10.24 respectively.But Sa and Saf of clay are 3.53~4.42 and 2.40~3.35 respectively.Compared with the other layers, Sa and Saf of the soil at the surface layer are higher or the highest,which manifests the phenomenon of surface silicon enrichment.Significant variations of Sa and Saf, together with that of clay composition and particle aistribution, show a parent material of the whitish layer not the same as that of the B horizon, which is due to the supposed alteration of alluviation and sedimention of loessial deposit in Holocene follow ed by leaching and illuviation.