SH系列苹果矮化砧性状及生理特性的研究

SH系列苹果矮化砧是国光与河南海棠种间杂交育成。杂种无性系自根砧嫁接苗于1982年秋定植,嫁接品种为羽红、金冠。经连续7年的生物学特性、物候期等方面的观察研究及一些主要生理指标的测定分析表明,SH系苹果矮化砧嫁接品种比对照M_7和M_9作钻木抗逆性强、进入开花结果期早、成花能力强、早期丰产、果实着色成熟期提前、外观艳丽、风味浓郁、可溶性固形物含量高;并具有萌芽开花期晚,新梢停长、落叶期早,叶片肥厚,比叶重大,叶绿素含量高,净光合效率强,在干旱条件下,叶片水势,气孔阻力大、蒸腾强度小等生理特性。SH系矮化砧已批量繁殖,已在全国10省、市苹果主产区进行区试和推广。

A STUDY ON THE CHARACTERS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF SH SERIES APPLES DWARF STOCKS

The SH series apples dwarf stocks were developed from the species hybrids between Rails ( a famous Chinese winterhardy apple,also called Nation Glory ) and Honan crabapples ( Malus honanensis ) . The grafted scion-rooted seedlings of the hybrid clones were established in the fall of 1982, with M9 M7 as control, and with Yuhong ( a new variety deve-loped from Starking ) and Golden Delicious as grafting varieties.Seven years continuous observation of biological characteristics,phenological calendar,flower-forming ability, high-yielding trait,fruit quality, as well as determination and analysis of some physiological indexes indicate that, compared with the control, the SH series apples dwarf stocks are more stress-resistant, flower and fruit earlier in the life cycle,have better ability to flower, are high-yielding, well-colored and earlier matured,with good appearance,rich taste, and high content of soluble solids, have the characteristics of late germination and flowering in the year, early cessation of shoot growth and leaf fall?thicker leaves heavier leaf specific weight, higher content of chlorophyll and higher net efficiency of photosynthesis,and that under dry conditions, these apples dwarf stocks have the physiological characteristics of higher leaf water potential, higher resistance from the stomat, and lower transpira-tion rate.This batch of stocks have been propagated on a big scale, and have been under regional tests and test production in 10 main apple growing provinces.