施氮对高淀粉玉米子粒产量形成的影响

采用田间试验、植株生理生化分析方法，研究了不同施氮量对高淀粉玉米吉单535和普通玉米军单8号子粒产量形成的影响。结果表明，高淀粉玉米粒重的增长符合Logistic方程；营养体干重随时间的变化符合回归方程Y=axe^bx；生物产量依子粒产量和营养体干重变化符合回归方程Y=exp(a+b₁x₁+b₂x₂)。与普通玉米军单8号比较，高淀粉玉米吉单535营养体干重增长期较长，干重下降速率低，即由营养体干物质向子粒转运量较低。适宜的施氮量可有效地促进高淀粉玉米植株生育前期总生物量的积累以及生育后期干物质从营养体向子粒的转移，从而获得较高产量。高淀粉玉米吉单535的适宜施氮量为200 kg/hm²。

Effects of Nitrogen Nutrition on Yield and Its Formation of High Starch Maize

Field experiment and plant physi-biochemical analysis observation were used to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on yield and its formation of high starch maize of Jidan 535, as compared with the ordinary maize of Jundan 8. The results indicated that for two maize cultivars, the dynamic changes of total biomass and grain weight in maize could be described by Logistic equation, and that of vegetative mass by exponential equation as Y=axe_bx. Biomass yield(Y) was a function of grain yield(x_{1) and vegetative mass(x2), as described by regression equation of Y=exp(a+b1x1+b2x2). As compared with Jundan 8, dry weight of vegetative in high starch maize of Jidan 535 increased with a longer duration, and then decreased with a lower rate, thus the translocation amount of dry matter from vegetative mass to grain is found to be lower. The appropriate N application rate is beneficial to biomass accumulation in vegetative growth stage and dry matter translocation from the vegetative to the grain, therefore higher grain yield was obtained in high starch maize. The proper application rate of nitrogen fertilizer is 200 kg/ha for high starch maize of Jidan 535.}